This paper identifies and empirically validates the potential risks in overseas third-party logistics services that support sustainable cross-border e-commerce logistics in China. This research addresses a significant gap in the current literature by conducting a comprehensive literature review and case study, primarily focusing on third-party logistics services’ benefits without adequately discussing the associated risks. Our study highlights the medium and high risks in forwarding and contracting processes, such as cost uncertainty, quality issues, and cultural and language differences. The findings contribute to academic research and practical applications by providing a theoretical foundation and practical guidance for enhancing logistics management in China’s sustainable cross-border e-commerce. This research promotes the resilience and sustainability of cross-border e-commerce supply chains and offers valuable insights for overseas 3PL service providers looking to expand their operations in China.