Longan (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) belongs to Sapindaceae family. We examined the antiproliferative activity of longan leaf extracts against cancer-derived cell cell lines in vitro. The tested samples were water extract, ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction of longan leaf. Cytotoxicity test is against brine shrimps that was screened using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test. Antiproliferative activity assay on WEHI-164 cells (mouse fibrosarcoma cancer cell), THP-1 cells (human peripheral blood acute monocyte cell), and vero cells (non-cancer or normal cell) that was conducted using hemocytometer with Trypan Blue Dye exclusion. The 50% lethality concentration (LC50) value of water extract, ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction were 854.64, 305.81, 446.55, 1313.44, and 1621.8 μg/ml. Ethanol extract exhibited significant cytotoxic due to the lowest LC50 value. Ethanol extract was then used for further examination. The highest antiproliferative activity was achieved 44.93% by 600 μg/ml ethanol extract on WEHI-164 and 57.45% by 500 μg/ml ethanol extract on THP-1. It was significantly equal to doxorubicin antiproliferative activity. Ethanol extract dose had low effect to vero cells. This present study confirmed that the longan leaf ethanol extract possess marked antiproliferative activity on cancer-derived cell lines.

Background: The COVID‐19 pandemic led to increased use of herbal medicine in Indonesia, driven by its perceived efficacy in enhancing immunity. This study examines the sociodemographic factors influencing herbal medicine consumption during the pandemic. Methods: A cross‐sectional survey was conducted from June to July 2021 across 33 Indonesian provinces, involving 461 respondents. Key sociodemographic variables included gender, age, education, domicile, and occupation, while the dependent variable was herbal medicine consumption. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analyses, with significance determined by p values. Results: A total of 62.7% of respondents reported using herbal medicine during the COVID‐19 pandemic, followed by standardized herbal medicine (23.2%) and phytopharmaceuticals (14.1%). Among the respondents, 66.4% were female, and 29.9% were aged 17–25. Herbal medicine consumption was significantly influenced by age ( p = 0.006) and occupation ( p = 0.038). Students (26.2%) and individuals on Java Island (62.7%) constituted the largest consumer groups. Key ingredients included ginger, turmeric, and lime, which are widely recognized for their antiviral and immunomodulatory properties. Conclusion: Age and occupation were identified as associated factors of herbal medicine use, emphasizing the importance of tailored public health strategies to promote traditional remedies as complementary measures. These findings highlight herbal medicine’s cultural and therapeutic relevance during health crises.

Breast cancer is a sickness caused by abnormal cell growth in the breast. Mahkota Dewa fruit or god’s crown fruit products (Phaleria macrocarpa) contain flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, and tannins associated with active compounds. This work directs to influence the potency of P. macrocarpa fruit as an antiproliferative agent against breast cancer cells (MCF-7 cells). The antiproliferative potency of P. macrocarpa fruit was proved by extracting and fractionating P. macrocarpa fruit using maceration. The cytotoxicity of extracts and fractions was determined using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). The antiproliferative potency against MCF-7 cells was tested using the hemacytometer approach. This work demonstrates the crude ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction. The LC50 values in crude ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction were 13.72 ppm, 147.55 ppm, 405.81 ppm, and 149. 07 ppm severally. Phaleria macrocarpa fruit has shown antiproliferation potency against MCF-7 cells. The maximum part of crude ethanol extract antiproliferative potency (56 ppm) effectively suppressed MCF-7 cell growth by 70. 9% while doxorubicin (100 ppm) by 46. 92%. This work confirms that crude ethanol extract of P. macrocarpa fruit interacts synergistically as an antiproliferative compound against MCF-7 cells.

Breast cancer is a disease caused by abnormal cell proliferation in the breast. God’s crown fruit (Phaleria macrocarpa) and its seed have potential as an antiproliferation of cancer cells. It contains active compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, and tannins. The sample of God’s crown fruit was obtained by extraction and fractionation using the maceration method. Cytotoxicity of extracts and fractions was determined using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method. Antiproliferation activity test of God’s crown fruit against MCM-B2 was performed using the hemacytometer method. The God’s crown fruit sample consists of crude ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction. Lethal concentration 50 (LC₅₀) values in crude ethanol extract, n-hexane fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and water fraction were 13.72, 147.55, 405.81, and 149.55 ppm, respectively. The concentration of the test sample was directly used for the antiproliferation activity test on MCM-B2 cells. God’s crown fruit can act as antiproliferation of MCM-B2. The smallest concentration of those samples has inhibited MCM-B2 cell proliferation which is 3.5 ppm crude ethanol extract lower than 100 ppm doxorubicin. The maximum percentage of the antiproliferation activity of crude ethanol extract (56 ppm) was able to inhibit MCM-B2 cell proliferation by 58.28% while doxorubicin (100 ppm) by 31.2%. This is due to the fact that crude ethanol extract has a lot of complex polar phytochemical content. The crude ethanol extract compounds inhibit MCM-B2 cell proliferation synergistically.