Supplementation of feed with turmeric (Curcuma longa) has been shown to be beneficial in poultry farming. The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of turmeric on the duodenal structure of broiler chickens during the first 42 days of life. A control and three treatment groups (turmeric powder added to feed at the following doses: E1 - 5; E2 - 10; E3 - 20 g/kg feed) were constituted (n = 8). Addition of turmeric powder in the feed resulted in an increase in intestinal villi height and a decrease in crypts depth in case of groups E1 and E2, while the villus height to crypt depth ratio generally did not differ significantly from the control. Turmeric also influenced the histological structure of the duodenum, as well as the presence of IL-6 and TNFα, as evidenced through staining. Addition of 0.5 and 1 % turmeric powder in the feed had evident results on body weight gain.

Coronaviruses are widespread in mammals and birds, causing mostly digestive and respiratory problems. In cats, feline coronaviruses undergo mutations while replicating, giving rise to the fatal coronavirus causing the feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) disease. Several mutations in viral genes, among them 3c and M, are involved in the development of FIP. In order to study these viral shifts, samples of 43 organs, feces, and ascites collected from cats showing clinical signs of feline infectious peritonitis were tested, and the sequences obtained for the 3c and M genes were analyzed. The 3c gene nucleotides showed truncations commonly observed in feline infectious peritonitis virus. Additionally, the sequences corresponding to the 3c genes obtained from different organs of the same individual displayed high similarities, supporting the internal mutation theory. The analyses of the M gene and putative polypeptides showed similarities with canine coronaviruses, supporting the recombination theory between feline and canine coronaviruses. Infectious coronaviral strains are still challenging because of the difficulty in obtaining an effective vaccine for their prevention, and also because of the limited alternatives for therapy of FIP in cats.

The use of colored LED lights is a tool for controlling the development of lymphoid organs and the immune system in general. This study aims to analyze the effects of using simple and combined colored LED lights throughout a 6 week period (1–42 days of age). In this study, 336 one-day-old chicks were used, separated randomly into four groups with different sex and lighting systems, with each group being divided into four separate replicates (4 × 21 birds). The chicks in the WL-Male and WL-Female were exposed to white LED light (WL, 400–760 nm) for 6 weeks, while the chicks in the G-GxB-BL-Male and G-GxB-BL-Female were exposed to a combination of monochromatic lights as follows: green (560 nm) from 1 to 14 days of age, green and blue (480–560 nm) for 15–28 days of age, and blue lights (480 nm) for 29–42 days of age. The use of a mixture of green and blue LED lights (G-GxB-BL) resulted in a significant decrease in the average daily feed intake and feed conversion ratio compared to white light, without causing changes in the body weight of the chicks, average daily gain, mortality rate, and coefficient of variability. G-GxB-BL lights also improved the morphological development of the bursa of Fabricius (BF) compared to white light by significantly increasing the organ index and the lymphoid follicle area. At the same time, G-GxB-BL light compared to white light improved B lymphocytes proliferation in the BF by significantly increasing the lymphocyte density in lymphoid follicles, as well as the number of PCNA-positive cells. This light treatment had these results due to the activation of melatonin receptors, which led to a significant increase in Mel1a-positive cells and a significant decrease in the number of RORα-positive cells. These results demonstrate that G-GxB-BL lights improved the growth performance and immune response in the BF of broiler chickens.

The Golgi apparatus and the ER-Golgi intermediate compartment (ERGIC) function as essential locations for the assembly, maturation, and discharge of coronaviruses. Golgi complex presents multifaceted roles in the coronavirus replication cycle, assembly, and release mechanisms. Investigations concerning SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, MERS-CoV, and other coronaviruses indicate that while the Golgi is not implicated in the initial entry phase, it is crucial for the processing of structural proteins, the assembly of virions, the maturation of glycoproteins, and their subsequent secretion. Coronaviruses significantly alter Golgi architecture and takeover host trafficking machinery to increase replication efficacy. Recent discoveries reveal virus-specific adaptations—such as Golgi fragmentation induced by SARS-CoV-2 and the emergence of novel organelle-like structures—that enhance viral infectivity.

Stem cell - based therapy can be used as an efficient alternative in human medicine, especially in degenerative diseases that cannot be controlled or treated with traditional tools. Lately, the same approach became very attractive for the treatment of similar disorders in different animal species. Compared to embryonic totipotent cells, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are more available to isolation from multiple sources, most of the time from the stroma of bone marrow or adipose tissue that provides a relatively abundant cells supply. Even the mechanisms of action are not entirely known, the results obtained with MSCs therapy in veterinary medicine show the possibility to control and remedy some problems considered untreatable by conventional therapy and offer a better life expectancy.

Bacterial diseases remain a significant threat to salmonid aquaculture worldwide, especially in semi-open cage culture systems that are exposed daily to natural aquatic environments. This study investigates recurring bacterial disease events in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) raised in a semi-open cage culture facility in the Bicaz mountain reservoir in Romania. Longitudinal monitoring was conducted through clinical assessment of fish health, post-mortem examination of fish that died during recurrent mortality events, bacterial isolation followed by MALDI-TOF MS identification, and determination of antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of the isolated bacteria from 2023 to 2026. These investigations demonstrated the presence of classical pathogenic bacteria found in salmonids as well as a diverse range of opportunistic environmental bacteria. Recurrently identified bacteria included Aeromonas hydrophila, Yersinia ruckeri, Aeromonas salmonicida, Aeromonas veronii, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Hafnia alvei, Enterobacter aerogenes, Providencia alcalifaciens, and Flavobacterium psychrophilum. Mixed bacterial infection resulted in several of the bacterial disease outbreaks, indicating that there are likely to be complex microbial relationships within this semi-open aquaculture environment. Susceptibility profiles of antibiotics tested against the isolated bacteria indicated that some antibiotic classes had varying degrees of susceptibility between different bacterial disease outbreaks and also varied between susceptible and resistant strains of the same bacterial species. Susceptibility profiles were most commonly noted for florfenicol and fluoroquinolone, while beta-lactams, macrolides, and lincosamides displayed variable levels of resistance or diminished susceptibility patterns, particularly among Aeromonas spp. strains. Therefore, the results highlight the dynamic epidemiological characteristics of bacterial infections occurring in semi-open mountain aquaculture systems and underscores the importance of longitudinal bacteriological surveillance under commercial farming conditions. Permanent interaction between cultured fish and the aquatic microbiota may influence the recurrence and microbial complexity of bacterial outbreaks in reservoir-based salmonid aquaculture.