Background: Zebrafish have become a key model organism in neuroscience research because of their unique advantages. Their genetic, anatomical, and physiological similarities to humans, coupled with their rapid development and transparent embryos, make them an excellent tool for investigating various aspects of neurobiology. They have specifically emerged as a valuable and versatile model organism in biomedical research, including the study of neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease known to cause damage to the myelin sheath that protects the nerves in the brain and spinal cord. Objective: This review emphasizes the importance of continued research in both in vitro and in vivo models to advance our understanding of MS and develop effective treatments, ultimately improving the quality of life for those affected by this debilitating disease. Conclusions: Recent studies show the significance of zebrafish as a model organism for investigating demyelination and remyelination processes, providing new insights into MS pathology and potential therapies.

The ability to screen for agents that can promote the development and/or maintenance of neuronal networks creates opportunities for the discovery of novel agents for the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Over the past 10 years, advances in robotics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning have paved the way for the improved implementation of live-cell imaging systems for drug discovery. These instruments have revolutionized our ability to quickly and accurately acquire large standardized datasets when studying complex cellular phenomena in real-time. This is particularly useful in the field of neuroscience because real-time analysis can allow efficient monitoring of the development, maturation, and conservation of neuronal networks by measuring neurite length. Unfortunately, due to the relative infancy of this type of analysis, standard practices for data acquisition and processing are lacking, and there is no standardized format for reporting the vast quantities of data generated by live-cell imaging systems. This paper reviews the current state of live-cell imaging instruments, with a focus on the most commonly used equipment (IncuCyte systems). We provide an in-depth analysis of the experimental conditions reported in publications utilizing these systems, particularly with regard to studying neurite outgrowth. This analysis sheds light on trends and patterns that will enhance the use of live-cell imaging instruments in CNS drug discovery.