The improvement of a patient’s facial appearance is one of the main goals of contemporary orthodontic treatment. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the difference in facial proportions between attractive and anonymous females in order to establish objective facial features which are widely considered as beautiful. The study included two groups: first group consisted of 83 Caucasian female subjects between 22 and 28 years of age who were selected from the population of students at the University of Belgrade, and the second group included 24 attractive celebrity Caucasian females. The en face facial photographs were taken in natural head position (NHP). Numerous parameters were recorded on these photographs, in order to establish facial symmetry and correlation with the ideal set of proportions. This study showed significant difference between anonymous and attractive females. Attractive females showed smaller face in general and uniformity of the facial thirds and fifths, and most of the facial parameters meet the criteria of the ideal proportions.

Introduction. Pathogenesis and some characteristics of periodontitis cannot be fully explained by bacterial etiology alone. Herpes viruses may bridge the gap between clinical characteristics and molecular understanding of periodontal destruction. Objective. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) of healthy and damaged periodontium in Serbian population and to explore potential correlation between the presence of this virus and the level of periodontal destruction. Methods. Samples were collected from gingival sulcus/periodontal pockets by sterile paper points and the presence of viral DNA in gingival crevicular fluid was assessed by PCR. Results. There was no statistically significant difference in HSV-1 in presence between periodontitis patients (PG=38.9%) and healthy controls (HC=32.3%), (Chi-square test, with Yates? correction p=0.7574). However, HSV-1 positive patients showed significantly higher values of parameters of periodontal destruction (PPD=7.11?2.52, CAL=5.46?2.34) than periodontitis patients without HSV-1 in gingival crevicular fluid (PPD=4.70?1.79, CAL=3.39?2.65) (p values respectively, p=0.002 and p=0.023, Independent Samples T-Test). HSV-1 occurred more often in deeper (PPD?6 mm) (69.2%) than in shallow pockets (3 mm<PPD<6 mm) (18.2%) (Chi-square test, with Yates? correction, p=0.008). Plaque index was lower in the HSV-1 positive group (0.84?0.69 vs. 1.43?0.76, p=0.023, Independent Samples T-Test). Conclusion. This study demonstrated that the presence of HSV-1 in the gingival crevicular fluid coincides with a higher degree of tissue destruction in patients with periodontitis.

Scapula tip flaps have been introduced in the literature as an ideal surgical treatment option for large defects in the horizontal plane of the maxilla. This article aims to present a unique step by step protocol for a near total maxillectomy with a pterygoid bone resection and consecutive microvascular reconstruction with a harvested scapula tip flap. The protocol includes immediate placement of extra-short implants in donor bone with the aid of Virtual Surgical Planning (VSP), and an in-house 3D printing of medical 3D models and surgical guides. So far, there has been no presented surgical technique combining immediate implant placement in the scapula region with simultaneous microvascular repair. This technique allows: tumour resection; flap harvesting; extra-short implant placements and reconstruction to be performed in one simultaneous procedure. The technique is presented with illustrations, VSP (presented on videos), radiographs, and surgical findings. We discovered that this refinement of the scapula tip surgery has enabled reconstructive procedures to be performed at the same time as implant placements, providing expedited functional and aesthetic outcomes in selected cases. Moreover, modification of the surgical technique could enhance the competence of the oropharyngeal edge. In conclusion, this new surgical protocol utilizing VSP, 3D models and simultaneous extra-short implant placement provides indispensable advantages for such a complicated surgical procedures, while significantly shortening the duration of surgery.