Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR): A rising star in the era of precision medicine of lung cancer Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR): A rising star in the era of precision medicine of lung cancer

TRNA‐derived RNA fragments (tRFs), non‐coding single‐stranded RNAs with 14–35 nt in length, were found to play important roles in gene regulation, even in carcinogenesis. In this study, we investigated the expression of tRF‐Leu‐CAG in human non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and its function in the cell proliferation and cell cycle of NSCLC. The expression level of tRF‐Leu‐CAG was detected in NSCLC tissues, cell lines, and sera. tRF‐Leu‐CAG RNA levels were higher in NSCLC tumor tissues than in normal tissues, and also upregulated in NSCLC cell lines. A significant relationship was observed between stage progression and tRF‐Leu‐CAG in NSCLC sera. We found that in H1299 cells, inhibition of tRF‐Leu‐CAG suppressed cell proliferation and impeded cell cycle. AURKA was also repressed with the knockdown of tRF‐Leu‐CAG. Thus, our study revealed that tRF‐Leu‐CAG may be involved in regulating AURKA and could be a new diagnostic marker and potential therapeutic target in NSCLC.

Lung cancer is the major form of cancer resulting in cancer-related mortality around the world. MicroRNAs are endogenous small non-coding single-stranded RNAs, which can engage in the regulation of gene expression. In this study, miR-18a-5p significantly upregulated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and NSCLC cell lines, suggesting an oncogenic function in lung cancer. Additionally, miR-18a-5p can promote carcinogenesis by directly targeting interferon regulatory factor 2 (IRF2). Further experiments indicated that IRF2 can increase cell apoptosis, inhibit cell proliferation and migration ability. Our study demonstrates that miR-18a-5p promotes autophagy in NSCLC. Collectively, these results indicate that miR-18a-5p can not only promote NSCLC by suppressing IRF2, but also will be a promising target in the near future.

MicroRNAs, a class of short endogenous RNAs, acting as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression, mostly silence gene expression via binding imperfectly matched sequences in the 3'UTR of target mRNA. MiR-17-92, a highly conserved gene cluster, has 6 members including miR-17, miR-18a, miR-19a, miR-20a, miR-19b-1 and miR-92a. The miR-17-92 cluster, regarded as oncogene, is overexpressed in human cancers. Lung cancer is the leading cause of death all over the world. The molecular mechanism of lung cancer has been partly known at the levels of genes and proteins in last decade. However, new prognosis biomarkers and more target drugs should be developed in future. Therefore, noncoding RNAs, especially miRNAs, make them as new potentially clinical biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we focus the current progress of miR-17-92 cluster in lung cancer.

Delivery of a peptide-drug conjugate targeting the blood brain barrier improved the efficacy of paclitaxel against glioma

MiR-146a-5p inhibits cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in NSCLC cell lines by targeting CCND1 and CCND2