As a typical spinel structure material, ZnMn₂O₄ has been widely researched in the field of electrode materials. However, ZnMn₂O₄ nanoparticles as electrode materials for supercapacitors have the disadvantages of low conductivity, inferior structural integrity, and easy aggregation, resulting in unsatisfying electrochemical performance. In this work, we use a hydrothermal method and high-temperature calcination to deposit ZnMn₂O₄ nanoparticles on carbon cloth and explore the influence of hydrothermal reaction time on the deposition morphology and distribution of ZnMn₂O₄ nanoparticles on carbon cloth. The deposition process of ZnMn₂O₄ nanoparticles on carbon cloth was analyzed, and a ZMO-9 electrode was deduced to be the most suitable electrode for supercapacitors. A series of electrochemical performance tests show that the ZMO-9 electrode has excellent specific capacitance (specific capacity) (499 F·g⁻¹ (299.4 C·g⁻¹) at a current density of 1 A·g⁻¹) and rate performance (75% capacitance retention at a current density of 12 A·g⁻¹). The assembled asymmetric supercapacitor has an energy density of 46.6 Wh·kg⁻¹ when the power density is 800.1 W·kg⁻¹. This work provides a reference for the structural design of ZnMn₂O₄ supercapacitor electrode materials and the improvement of electrochemical properties.