Centenarians, who show mild infections and low incidence of tumors, are the optimal model to investigate healthy aging. However, longevity related immune characteristics has not been fully revealed largely due to lack of appropriate controls. In this study, single‐cell transcriptomic analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) derived from seven centenarians (CEN), six centenarians’ offspring (CO), and nine offspring spouses or neighbors (Control, age‐matched to CO) are performed to investigate the shared immune features between CEN and CO. The results indicate that among all 12 T cell clusters, the cytotoxic‐phenotype‐clusters (CPC) and the naïve‐phenotype‐clusters (NPC) significantly change between CEN and ontrol. Compared to Control, both CEN and CO are characterized by depleted NPC and increased CPC, which is dominated by CD8⁺ T cells. Furthermore, CPC from CEN and CO share enhanced signaling pathways and transcriptional factors associated with immune response, and possesse similar T‐cell‐receptor features, such as high clonal expansion. Interestingly, rather than a significant increase in GZMK⁺ CD8 cells during aging, centenarians show accumulation of GZMB⁺ and CMC1⁺ CD8 T cells. Collectively, this study unveils an immune remodeling pattern reflected by both quantitative increase and functional reinforcement of cytotoxic T cells which are essential for healthy aging.

Puerarin extends longevity of flies by improving climbing activity, ATP production, and stress resistance but repressing fecundity. Puerarin promotes lysosome-involved autophagy via inhibiting TOR phosphorylation, resulting in longevity of flies.

Background. The burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is increasing substantially due to population growth and aging. Determining effective prevention and understanding the underlying mechanisms remain desirable pursuits for increasing the quality of life. As centenarians and their offspring may have genetic advantages, they may present with healthier cardiovascular-related profiles. Methods. We launched a cross-sectional household-based survey of centenarian families, including 253 centenarians, 217 centenarian offspring, and 116 offspring spouses without centenarian parents from county-level Chinese longevity city Rugao. Among offspring and offspring spouses were the following arrangements: 101 paired offspring and offspring spouses who lived together, 116 unpaired offspring, and 16 unpaired spouses. We investigated their cardiovascular-related health status including waist circumference, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and plasma lipids and compared results among centenarians, centenarian offspring, and offspring spouses. Results. Centenarians ranged from 99 to 109 years with a median age of 100 years. Centenarian offspring, with a median age of 70 years, and offspring spouses, with a median age of 69 years, shared similar age. Results of blood pressure, plasma lipid levels, and BMI displayed no significant difference between centenarian offspring and offspring spouses. However, centenarians appeared to have lower waist circumference, BMI, TC, LDL-C, TG, and diastolic blood pressure but higher levels of systolic blood pressure ( ). Multivariate analysis showed the prevalence of obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidemia was similar between centenarian offspring and offspring spouses, while centenarians appeared to have a lower prevalence of obesity and a higher prevalence of hypertension ( ). Conclusions. Centenarians and centenarian offspring did not present healthier BMI, blood pressure, or plasma lipids than offspring spouses. Further research on longevity and cardiovascular diseases are desirable.

Aberrant cell–cell communication (CCC) is a recognized hallmark of aging, yet comprehensive analyses of immune CCC—particularly in the context of healthy aging—remain limited. Using single‐cell transcriptomics of PBMCs from centenarians (CEN), their offspring (CO), and elderly controls, we found that immune CCC in controls was characterized by myeloid‐derived, self‐amplifying SASP signals associated with immunosenescence and effector immune cell (EIC) exhaustion. In contrast, healthy‐aging individuals (CEN/CO) exhibited reinforced positive regulatory factor (PRF)‐mediated ligand–receptor (LR) interactions, such as IL‐15 and IL‐18, consistent with enhanced EIC cytotoxicity and immune surveillance. These findings were further supported in an independent longevity cohort. Our results suggest distinct immune CCC reprogramming with age and identify a characteristic immune remodeling pattern in centenarians, providing a framework for understanding healthy aging and exceptional longevity.