Background/Objectives: Brazil and Mozambique face similar socioeconomic challenges, including common indicators of undernutrition and overnutrition among children. This study evaluated the similarity degree of the anthropometric and body composition variables of Brazilian and Mozambican children by using the Jaccard index. Methods: A total of 1831 children of both genders aged 7–10 years from three Brazilian cities (Recife, Vitoria de Santo Antao, and Lagoa do Carro) and three Mozambican cities (Maputo, Boane, and Inhambane) participated in this study. Anthropometric (height, body mass, and waist circumference) and body composition (body fat percentage [%BF], lean mass, and fat mass) variables were measured and the Smoothed Jaccard Index Surface (SJIS) was used to evaluate the similarity degree. Results: Brazilian children were taller and heavier and had a higher %BF and fat mass than Mozambican children. Children living in urban areas were taller than those living in rural zones in both countries. Brazilian and Mozambican children showed high similarity only between %BF and lean mass. Children from Recife and Maputo had high similarities among waist circumference, body mass, fat mass, height, and %BF. Finally, a high SJIS degree was observed among height and %BF for schoolchildren from rural and urban zones. Conclusion: Brazilian and Mozambican children exhibit differences in growth characteristics but a high degree of similarity when children from rural and urban zones are compared.

Background: Food addiction (FA) is a condition in which ultra-processed foods (UPFs) activate the brain's reward pathways, leading to binge eating, loss of control, and continued consumption despite negative consequences. It can appear early in childhood and is linked to behavioral, sociodemographic, and metabolic factors. This study assessed the contribution of FA, its structure, and connectivity in relation to sociodemographic, nutritional status, and metabolic variables in network analysis. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 93 children (7–11 years old) living in Vitória de Santo Antão, Brazil. FA was assessed using the Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children, which was translated and validated for the Brazilian child population. Sociodemographic (age, sex, race, socioeconomic class), anthropometric (body weight, height, waist circumference, BMI, BMI-for-age, body fat percentage, lean mass, and fat mass), and metabolic (blood pressure, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, and fasting glucose) factors were analyzed. For network analysis, the degree centrality (DC), closeness centrality (CC), betweenness centrality (BC), and eigenvector centrality (EC) were evaluated. Results: FA exhibited moderate centrality in sociodemographic and metabolic networks, acting as a connector between key variables such as age and socioeconomic class (BC = 0.071–0.500; EC = 0.301–0.500; CC = 0.636–0.667). These metrics indicate that FA, while not dominant, maintains access to influential nodes and participates in relevant information pathways. In contrast, within the anthropometric network, FA showed a peripheral role, with fewer direct links (DC = 0.222–0.285) and limited intermediation (BC = 0.111). Conclusion: Variation in centrality across domains underscores the selective integration of FA, suggesting that its impact is context dependent.