This study investigates the effects of post-curing temperatures on the tensile properties of hybrid basalt-jute-glass-carbon fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs). Composite specimens were post-cured at 60 °C and 100 °C for 60 min, and their tensile behavior was assessed using a servo-hydraulic testing machine. Numerical simulations using the Abaqus software V6.14 were also conducted to compare experimental and computational results. The findings indicate that post-curing heat treatment enhances ductility due to increased polymer cross-linking, but excessive heat treatment at 100 °C negatively impacts elongation at fracture. The results revealed that specimens post-cured at 60 °C exhibited the optimal balance between strength and ductility, with increased elongation and moderate tensile strength. However, at 100 °C, while tensile strength improved in some cases, a significant decrease in elasticity and an increased risk of brittleness were observed, suggesting that extreme heat treatment may degrade polymer integrity. Natural fiber composites, particularly jute-based samples, outperformed synthetic composites in terms of elongation and overall mechanical stability. The numerical simulations provided further insights but showed discrepancies with experimental results, mainly due to fiber property variations and fabric waviness, underscoring the challenges of accurately modeling woven composites. The study highlights the importance of controlled post-curing temperatures in optimizing the mechanical performance of FRP composites, with 60 °C identified as the most effective condition for achieving a favorable balance between tensile strength, flexibility, and material durability. These findings offer valuable insights for material scientists and engineers working on the development of high-performance composite materials for structural and industrial applications.

Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymers (CFRP) have become increasingly significant in real-world applications due to their superior strength-to-weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and high stiffness. These properties make CFRP an ideal material for reinforcing concrete structures, particularly in scenarios where weight reduction is crucial, such as in bridges and high-rise buildings. The transformative potential of CFRP lies in its ability to enhance the durability and load-bearing capacity of concrete structures while minimizing maintenance costs and extending the lifespan of the infrastructure. This research explores the impact of reinforcing structural elements with advanced composite materials on the strength and durability of concrete and reinforced concrete structures. By integrating Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) reinforcements, we subjected both rectangular and T-section concrete beams to comprehensive three-point bending tests, revealing a substantial increase in flexural strength by 45% and crack resistance due to CFRP reinforcement. The study revealed that CFRP reinforcement increased the flexural strength of concrete beams by 45% and improved crack resistance significantly. Additionally, the load-bearing capacity of the beams was enhanced by 40% compared to unreinforced specimens. These improvements were validated through finite element simulations, which showed a close alignment with the experimental data. Furthermore, an innovative simulation study was conducted using a finely tuned finite element numerical model within the Abaqus calculation code. This model accurately replicated the laboratory specimens in terms of shape, dimensions, and loading conditions. The simulation results not only validated the experimental observations but also provided deeper insights into the stress distribution and failure mechanisms of the reinforced beams. Novel aspects of this study include the identification of specific failure patterns unique to CFRP-reinforced beams and the introduction of an enhanced interaction model that more accurately reflects the composite behavior under load. In CFRP-reinforced beams, specific failure patterns were identified, including flexural cracks in the tension zone and debonding of the CFRP sheets. These patterns indicate the points of maximum stress concentration and potential weaknesses in the reinforcement strategy. The study revealed that while CFRP significantly improves the overall strength and stiffness, careful attention must be given to the bonding process and the quality of the adhesive used to ensure optimal performance. These findings contribute significantly to the understanding of material interactions and structural performance, offering new pathways for the design and optimization of composite-reinforced concrete structures. This research underscores the transformative potential of composite materials in elevating the structural integrity and longevity of concrete infrastructures.

Clean and oxygen-covered nickel and nickel oxide were bombarded by 5 keV krypton I ions under a relatively high vacuum. Optical spectra resulting from ion bombardment of the nickel target consist of series of sharp lines attributed to the neutral nickel. These lines were observed in the spectra of clean nickel and nickel oxide at the same wavelengths but with different intensities. The difference in the observed photon yield is discussed in terms of the electron transfer processes between the excited sputtered and electronic levels of the surface.