Urbanization affects economic production activities and energy demand, as well as lifestyle and consumption behavior, affecting carbon dioxide emissions. This study constructs the System Generalized Method of Moments (Sys-GMM) model of the impact of urbanization rate on carbon dioxide emissions based on panel data of 136 countries and regions in the world from 1990 to 2020, grounded on the extended Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology (STIRPAT) model. This study found that (1) there is a negative relationship between urbanization rate and CO₂ emissions from 1990 to 2020. (2) The impact of the urbanization rate on CO₂ emissions is heterogeneous. An increase in urbanization rate in non-OECD countries significantly reduces CO₂ emissions, while the effect is not significant in OECD countries. (3) The carbon intensity of fossil energy consumption moderates the relationship between urbanization rate and CO₂ emissions, weakening the effect of urbanization rate on CO₂ emissions. Based on these findings, policy recommendations such as promoting urbanization and increasing the regulation and control of fossil energy carbon intensity are proposed.

Nowadays, agriculture businesses have been significantly impacted by rapid global changes, compelling the agro-industry to adopt sustainable development practices to remain resilient. Moreover, the application of stakeholder theory has become essential in business management to achieve inclusive growth and fulfill sustainable business. Understanding the interlink between stakeholder pressure and the motivation to transform an enterprise’s practices into sustainable development is imperative. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the direct pressure of stakeholder groups on sustainable practices in agriculture enterprises in Thailand through a questionnaire survey. This paper focused on the influence of primary and secondary stakeholders and evaluated the weighting of sustainability practices. The survey was conducted on employees who work in enterprises that apply Thailand’s Sufficiency Economy Philosophy (SEP). The research adopted the regression and information entropy methods for result analysis. The results showed that employees, shareholders, and competitors are significant stakeholder groups that drive sustainable capital covering economics, nature, society, and human capital. Last, stakeholder management is an outstanding practice in a SEP thinking enterprise. Concurrently, human capital is the highest priority to fulfill this alternative pathway to be successful in enterprise sustainability.

The Former General Electric Utility in Japan is a major participant in the electricity market. The integrated operational capabilities of these power companies have significant impacts on the stable development and sustainability of the power industry. This study evaluates the comprehensive operational capabilities of these power companies from 2003 to 2015 and analyzes the indicators that may affect their operational capabilities. Establishing an evaluation index system comprising five subsystems, namely profitability, management, solvency, growth, and scale, and optimizing it using principal component analysis. The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution was utilized to calculate the relative closeness of each company, with a score representing the integrated operational capabilities. Furthermore, coupling coordination and grey correlation analyses were conducted to assess the internal coordination among subsystems and to identify critical drivers of sustainable performance. The results show that (1) the Kyushu Electric Power Company and Tohoku Electric Power Company have strong integrated operational capabilities. (2) The five evaluation subsystems of integrated operational capability during the period of 2003–2015, fluctuated between moderate and high levels. (3) The top 5 indicators with the highest average grey correlation are as follows: “Hydropower capacity factor”, “Operating cash flow to current liabilities ratio”, “Operating profit growth rate”, “Net profit growth rate”, “Total capital utilization”. This study contributes to the sustainable management of the electricity industry by providing a systematic and data-driven assessment framework. The findings offer practical insights for optimizing corporate governance, enhancing energy efficiency, and formulating policy measures that support the long-term sustainability and competitiveness of Japan’s power utilities.