The results of this study showed that the compounds synthesized by the authors have significant potential due to their antibacterial and cytotoxic properties. The apparent antibacterial activity demonstrated by the compounds suggests that they are active antimicrobial agents against common microbial pathogens that cause various socially significant infectious diseases. Compound 6 showed pronounced antimicrobial activity against the Gram-positive test strain Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, and compound 7 demonstrated pronounced antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative test strain Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 (MIC = 6.3 µg/mL). This allowed us to consider these compounds to have great potential.

A number of chemical modifications were carried out in order to synthesize new compounds based on the triterpenoid betulonic acid. Triazolation reactions were carried out for the synthesis of new 1,2,3-triazole derivatives based on betulonic acid. Chemical changes were made on the carbonyl group at the C-3 position of the initial molecule and on the carboxyl and hydroxyl groups at the C-28 position. Chromatographic methods were used to separate and purify the formed products. Spectroscopic (NMR-, mass-) methods were used to establish the structure of synthesized compounds. As a result of the chemical transformations carried out, a number of new derivatives of betulonic acid were obtained. All synthesized compounds were tested for antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity. As a result, compounds with pronounced antimicrobial activity were identified.

Contemporary scientific inquiry has underscored the tremendous potential inherent in natural substances and their semi-synthetic counterparts, emphasizing their pivotal role as a basis for the development of innovative drug candidates, poised to cater to an expansive array of biological and pharmacological requirements. In this pursuit, the focal point of our investigation centers on the elucidation of the chemical structures and conformations of betulonic acid within various solvent environments. Understanding these structural intricacies stands as a critical milestone in the rational design of betulonic acid derivatives tailored for medical applications. To study this issue, quantum chemical calculations were performed at the atomistic level using the PM6 method in the GAMESS software package. The outcomes of our rigorous study unveiled noteworthy transformations in the chemical structures and conformations of betulonic acid as a direct response to shifts in solvent types. These quantum chemical insights offer a profound glimpse into the dynamic nature of betulonic acid, providing important guidance for their bespoke design within the realm of medicine. This study provides a scientific basis for further development of research on betulonic acid and its derivatives. By uncovering the interaction between chemical structure and solvent dynamics, our study lays a scientific foundation for the rational design of new betulonic acid derivatives. The results obtained may facilitate the further development of new betulonic acid derivatives and be used in the search for promising compounds for medical use. The practical significance of the study is that the obtained results can be used in the rational design of new betulonic acid derivatives and the prediction of their properties, which is of interest for further research in the field of medicinal chemistry and drug development.

Formulation of the problem: In the modern world, the development of efficient energy sources is becoming an increasingly important issue. One of the promising areas in the field of electrochemical energy sources is vanadium batteries. These batteries are based on electrochemical processes involving vanadium in various oxidative states. Research and modeling of electrochemical processes in vanadium batteries are important to optimize their performance and improve energy efficiency. Research and modeling of electrochemical processes in vanadium batteries play a key role in the development of efficient energy sources. Understanding the basic principles of operation of vanadium batteries, as well as the development of accurate mathematical models and their numerical simulation, allows optimizing the processes associated with storing and releasing energy. Further research and development in this area could lead to the creation of more efficient and sustainable energy sources that can meet the sustainable energy needs of modern society. Objective of the project: modeling the processes of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFB) by varying the electrolyte flow to optimize electrochemical processes occurring under membrane-electrode boundary conditions. Results: this study simulates in the COMSOL Multiphysics software package the electrochemical characteristics of HFSC as a function of electrolyte flow. Tests were carried out in which the flow velocity parameters were examined to evaluate their effect on the potential distribution and current density. Practical significance: the energy in an HFSC is stored in a liquid electrolyte that is pumped through the cell. The electrolyte is stored in external reservoirs rather than in porous electrodes as in conventional batteries. The results contribute to improved efficient energy storage, load balancing, and peak power smoothing of the GRPB. The construction of models allows us to predict the effect on the efficiency of mixing electrolytes, taking into account the hydrodynamic conditions inside the battery to determine how they affect the transport of vanadium ions, taking into account the electrolyte flow rate.