In recent decades the epidemic of asymptomatic sexually transmitted infections has extended deep into Brazil, including small towns and rural areas. The purpose of this study was to investigate the epidemiology of HIV, syphilis, and hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C viruses (HCV), and to evaluate immunization coverage against hepatitis B in a group of rural workers in Brazil. In 2016, a cross-sectional study was conducted with 937 manual sugarcane cutters of the Midwest and Northeast Regions of Brazil. All individuals were interviewed and screened for HIV, syphilis, HBV and HCV. Correlating factors with lifetime HBV infection were investigated using logistic regression. Positive Predictive Values, Negative Predictive Values, sensitivity and specificity were also calculated relative to vaccination against Hepatitis B, comparing anti-HBs titers to vaccination reports. Most reported previous hospitalization (55%), occupational injuries (54%), sharing of personal items (45.8%), alcohol consumption (77.2%), multiple sexual partners in previous 12 months (39.8%), and no condom use during sexual intercourse in last 12 months (46.5%). Only 0.2% reported using injection drugs. Anti-HIV-1 was detected in three individuals (0.3%). Serological markers of lifetime syphilis (treponemal test) were detected in 2.5% (95% CI: 1.6–3.6) of participants, and active syphilis (treponemal test and VDRL) present in 1.2%. No samples were positive for anti-HCV. The prevalence of lifetime HBV infection (current or past infection) was 15.9%, and 0.7% (95% CI 0.4 to 1.5) were HBsAg-positive. Previous hospitalization (OR 1.53, CI 1.05–2.24, p < 0.01) and multiple sexual partners in the last 12 months (OR 1.80, CI 1.25–2.60, p < 0.01) were predictors for lifetime HBV infection. Although 46.7% (95% CI 43.4–49.9) of individuals reported having been vaccinated against hepatitis B, only 20.6% (95% CI 18.1–23.3) showed serological evidence of previous hepatitis B vaccination (positive for anti-HBs alone). The high prevalence of syphilis and HBV compared to the general population and the high frequency of risk behaviors show the potential for sexual and parenteral dissemination of these agents in this rural population. In addition, the low frequency of hepatitis B vaccinated individuals suggests a need for improved vaccination services.

Introduction: Eliminating hepatitis B and C in immigrant and refugee populations is a significant challenge worldwide. Given the lack of information in Brazil, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of infections caused by hepatitis B and C viruses and factors associated with hepatitis B in immigrants and refugees residing in central Brazil. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study was conducted from July 2019 to January 2020 with 365 immigrants and refugees. Hepatitis B was detected by a rapid immunochromatographic test, enzyme immunoassay, and chemiluminescence, and hepatitis C by rapid immunochromatographic test. Multiple analysis was used to assess factors associated with hepatitis B infection. Results: Of the participants, 57.8% were from Haiti and 35.6% were from Venezuela. Most had been in Brazil for less than 2 years (71.2%). The prevalence of HBV infection and exposure was 6.6% (95% CI: 4.5–9.6%) and 27.9% (95% CI: 23.6–2.8%), respectively, and 34% had isolated anti-HBs positivity. Reporting a sexually transmitted infection was statistically associated with HBV infection (OR: 7.8; 95% CI: 2.3–26.4). No participant with positive anti-HCV serology was found. Conclusions: The study showed that participants were outside the reach of prevention and control actions for hepatitis B. Therefore, public health strategies must be designed to reach, inform, and vaccinate this group.

O uso crescente das tecnologias da informação e comunicação (TICs) tem levantado preocupações sobre os possíveis efeitos na saúde mental das crianças e adolescentes, devido ao aumento de tempo frente as telas que consequentemente propiciou em efeitos prejudiciais no bem-estar. Esse estudo tem como objetivo identificar na literatura se estas tecnologias afetam a saúde mental das crianças e adolescentes devido ao uso excessivo das telas. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura composta por 20 estudos, realizada no período de 2022-2023. Os artigos mostraram fatores positivos e negativos associados ao uso da tecnologia na infância e adolescência, embora a maioria das pesquisas enfatize os aspectos prejudiciais. Evidencia-se que o uso das telas trás impactos negativos ao bem-estar mental, necessitando de abordagem dos profissionais da saúde com orientações e escuta sensível a família durante a consulta da criança e do adolescente. Descritores: Internet, Dependência de Tecnologia, Saúde Mental, Mídias Sociais. Use of screens and the dangers to the mental health of children and adolescents: integrative review The growing use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has raised concerns about the possible effects on the mental health of children and adolescents, due to the increase in time spent in front of screens, which has consequently led to detrimental effects on well-being. This study aims to identify in the literature whether these technologies affect the mental health of children and adolescents due to excessive use of screens. This is an integrative literature review comprising 20 studies carried out between 2022 and 2023. The articles showed positive and negative factors associated with the use of technology in childhood and adolescence, although most research emphasizes the harmful aspects. It is clear that the use of screens has a negative impact on mental well-being, which requires health professionals to provide guidance and sensitive listening to the family during consultations with children and adolescents. Descriptors: Internet, Technology Addiction, Mental Health, Social Media. Uso de pantallas y los peligros para la salud mental de niños y adolescentes: revisión integrativa Resumen: El creciente uso de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación (TIC) ha suscitado preocupación por los posibles efectos sobre la salud mental de niños y adolescentes, debido al aumento del tiempo que pasan frente a las pantallas, lo que, en consecuencia, ha provocado efectos perjudiciales sobre el bienestar. Este estudio pretende identificar en la literatura si estas tecnologías afectan a la salud mental de niños y adolescentes debido al uso excesivo de pantallas. Se trata de una revisión bibliográfica integradora que comprende 20 estudios realizados entre 2022 y 2023. Los artículos mostraron factores positivos y negativos asociados al uso de la tecnología en la infancia y adolescencia, aunque la mayoría de las investigaciones enfatizaron los aspectos perjudiciales. Está claro que el uso de pantallas tiene un impacto negativo en el bienestar mental, lo que requiere que los profesionales de la salud proporcionen orientación y una escucha sensible a la familia durante las consultas con niños y adolescentes. Descriptores: Internet, Adicción a la Tecnología, Salud Mental, Redes Sociales.

A Sífilis é uma doença infectocontagiosa sistêmica, transmitida por pessoas contaminadas sem uso de preservativos e verticalmente durante a gestação. É considerada um problema grave de saúde pública e trata-se de um agravo de notificação compulsória. O enfermeiro é uma peça fundamental na Atenção Primária para acompanhar e promover a prevenção e promoção à saúde em gestantes que testam positivo para sífilis. Por meio dos dados extraídos do Sistema Nacional de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) no período de 2018 a 2021 de gestantes notificadas com sífilis no Estado de Goiás foi identificado 44.657 casos de sífilis gestacional. Sendo, 8,5% notificadas no centro goiano, com predominância na faixa etária entre 20 a 39 anos de idade (11,5%), 6,1% declararam ensino médio, 5,4% apresentaram sífilis latente, 14,3% notificadas com teste treponêmico reagente e 11,9% notificadas com teste não treponêmico reagente. Conclui-se que as vulnerabilidades sociais e a não adesão ao tratamento do parceiro são os principais fatores determinantes para o aumento de sífilis. Descritores: Atenção Primária à Saúde, Gestantes, Sífilis, Enfermagem. Nurses' role in primary care for pregnant women with syphilis Syphilis is a systemic infectious-contagious disease, transmitted by infected people without the use of condoms and vertically during pregnancy. It is considered a serious public health problem and is a compulsorily notifiable disease. Nurses are key players in primary care to monitor and promote prevention and health promotion in pregnant women who test positive for syphilis. Data extracted from the National Notifiable Diseases System (SINAN) from 2018 to 2021 on pregnant women notified of syphilis in the state of Goiás identified 44,657 cases of gestational syphilis. Of these, 8.5% were notified in the centre of Goiás, with a predominance in the 20-39 age group (11.5%), 6.1% reported high school education, 5.4% had latent syphilis, 14.3% notified with a reactive treponemal test and 11.9% notified with a reactive non-treponemal test. It is concluded that social vulnerabilities and non-adherence to partner treatment are the main determining factors for the increase in syphilis. Descriptors: Primary Health Care, Pregnant Women, Syphilis, Nursing. El papel de las enfermeras en la atención primaria a las embarazadas con sífilis Resumen: La sífilis es una enfermedad infecto-contagiosa sistémica, transmitida por personas infectadas sin el uso del preservativo y verticalmente durante el embarazo. Se considera un grave problema de salud pública y es una enfermedad de declaración obligatoria. Las enfermeras son agentes clave en la atención primaria para vigilar y promover la prevención y la promoción de la salud en las mujeres embarazadas que dan positivo en las pruebas de sífilis. Los datos extraídos del Sistema Nacional de Enfermedades de Declaración Obligatoria (SINAN) de 2018 a 2021 sobre mujeres embarazadas notificadas de sífilis en el estado de Goiás identificaron 44.657 casos de sífilis gestacional. De estos, el 8,5% fueron notificados en el centro de Goiás, con predominio en el grupo de edad de 20 a 39 años (11,5%), el 6,1% informó educación secundaria, el 5,4% tenía sífilis latente, el 14,3% notificado con prueba treponémica reactiva y el 11,9% notificado con prueba no treponémica reactiva. Se concluye que la vulnerabilidad social y la no adherencia al tratamiento de la pareja son los principales factores determinantes del aumento de la sífilis. Descriptores: Atención Primaria de Salud, Embarazadas, Sífilis, Enfermería.

O estudo tem como objetivo analisar a atuação da enfermagem na redução da dor oncogeriátrica em cuidados paliativos. Trata – se de revisão integrativa da literatura realizada nas bases de dados Scielo, BVS e PubMed, Google acadêmico, CAPES Periódicos e Observatório Da Produção Intelectual (OPI), no período 2014 a 2023. Dos cento e sessenta artigos identificados, foram selecionados vinte e um artigos. Na área da oncologia, a dor é o sintoma mais comum entre os pacientes idosos, sendo considerado o quinto sinal vital. A avaliação, medição e controle adequado da dor pelos profissionais de enfermagem são de extrema importância. A pesquisa constatou o despreparo do enfermeiro no tratamento álgico do paciente, ressaltando a relevância de maior investimento no conhecimento e aprimoramento dos profissionais de enfermagem nos cuidados paliativos oncogeriátricos no que tange ao alívio e controle do sintoma da dor.Descritores: Oncológica, Dor, Enfermagem, Geriatria. Nursing role in controlling oncogeriatric pain in palliative care The study aims to analyze nursing's role in reducing oncogeriatric pain in palliative care. This is an integrative review of the literature carried out in the databases Scielo, BVS and PubMed, Google Scholar, CAPES Periódicos and Observatório Da Produção Intelectual (OPI), in the period 2014 to 2023. Of the sixty articles identified, twenty-one articles were selected . In the area of oncology, pain is the most common symptom among elderly patients, being considered the fifth vital sign. The assessment, measurement and adequate control of pain by nursing professionals are extremely important. The research found nurses' lack of preparation in treating patients' pain, highlighting the relevance of greater investment in the knowledge and improvement of nursing professionals in oncogeriatric palliative care in terms of relieving and controlling pain symptoms.Descriptors: Oncology, Pain, Nursing, Geriatrics. Papel de la enfermería en el control del dolor oncogeriátrico en cuidados paliativos Resumen: El estudio tiene como objetivo analizar el papel de la enfermería en la reducción del dolor oncogeriátrico en cuidados paliativos. Se trata de una revisión integradora de la literatura realizada en las bases de datos Scielo, BVS y PubMed, Google Scholar, CAPES Periódicos y Observatório Da Produção Intelectual (OPI), en el período de 2014 a 2023. De los sesenta artículos identificados, veintiún artículos fueron seleccionados. En el área de oncología, el dolor es el síntoma más común entre los pacientes de edad avanzada, siendo considerado el quinto signo vital. La valoración, medición y control adecuado del dolor por parte de los profesionales de enfermería es de suma importancia. La investigación constató falta de preparación de los enfermeros en el tratamiento del dolor de los pacientes, destacando la relevancia de una mayor inversión en el conocimiento y perfeccionamiento de los profesionales de enfermería en cuidados paliativos oncogeriátricos, en términos de alivio y control de los síntomas del dolor.Descriptores: Oncología, Dolor, Enfermería, Geriatría.

This study aims to characterize the molecular profile of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) among socially vulnerable immigrants residing in Brazil to investigate the introduction of uncommon HBV strains into the country. Serum samples from 102 immigrants with positive serology for the HBV core antibody (anti-HBc) were tested for the presence of HBV DNA by PCR assays. Among these, 24 were also positive for the HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). The full or partial genome was sequenced to determine genotype by phylogenetic analysis. Participants were from Haiti (79.4%), Guinea-Bissau (11.8%), Venezuela (7.8%), and Colombia (1%). Of the 21 HBV DNA-positive samples, subgenotypes A1 (52.4%), A5 (28.6%), E (9.5%), F2 (4.8%), and F3 (4.8%) were identified. Among the 78 HBsAg-negative participants, four were positive for HBV DNA, resulting in an occult HBV infection rate of 5.1%. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that most strains were likely introduced to Brazil by migration. Importantly, 80% of A5 sequences had the A1762T/G1764A double mutation, linked to an increased risk of hepatocellular carcinoma development. In conclusion, this study is the first report of HBV subgenotype A5 in Brazil, shedding new light on the diversity of HBV strains circulating in the country. Understanding the genetic diversity of HBV in immigrant communities can lead to better prevention and control strategies, benefiting both immigrants and wider society.