Background: Football players require optimal nutrition and physical fitness to enhance their performance and maintain their health. Understanding the relationships among nutritional knowledge, dietary habits, physical health, and substance use in athletes is essential for developing effective strategies. This study investigates these factors in male football players aged 16–33 years. Methods: The study involved 60 male football players from three teams in Liga4Arad. A mixed-methods approach was used, incorporating a self-developed pilot questionnaire and internationally validated instruments. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed using Guttman’s λ2. The questionnaire assessed nutritional knowledge, eating habits, substance use, and physical health parameters, including body fat percentage and training frequency. Spearman’s correlation was used to analyze the data and explore the interrelationships between these factors. It is important to note that the pilot questionnaire used in this study was self-developed and not previously validated in this specific context. Results: Nutritional knowledge was positively correlated with healthier eating habits (ρ = 0.675, p < 0.001). Intensive training and higher physical activity levels were both associated with improved body composition and lower body fat (ρ = 0.341, p = 0.006). Supplement use was moderately correlated with alcohol consumption (ρ = 0.548, p < 0.001) and weakly correlated with smoking (ρ = 0.348, p = 0.007). Conclusions: The study highlights a strong relationship between nutritional knowledge and healthier eating habits among football players, as well as the significant role of frequent intense training in reducing body fat percentages and enhancing physical fitness. Additionally, the findings suggest a moderate association between dietary supplement use and alcohol consumption, underscoring the need for tailored interventions to address substance use and its impact on players’ health behaviors and performance.

Background/Objectives: Musculoskeletal symptoms, such as neck pain, back pain, and eye strain, are prevalent in modern work environments, particularly among individuals engaged in prolonged sitting and repetitive tasks. This study aimed to explore the prevalence of these symptoms and the impact of ergonomic tool usage, break frequency, posture awareness, and proactive measures on symptom intensity and daily functioning. Methods: This cross-sectional pilot study used a self-developed questionnaire to assess the prevalence and intensity of musculoskeletal symptoms among participants aged 6–18 years. The survey collected data on ergonomic tool usage, break frequency, posture awareness, and proactive measures (such as taking breaks and seeking professional help). Symptom intensity was assessed across common musculoskeletal issues. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s Alpha. Statistical analyses, including descriptive statistics, Chi-squared tests, ANOVA, and Spearman’s correlation, were used to identify significant correlations and associations between variables. Results: A significant proportion of participants reported moderate to severe symptoms, including neck pain, back pain, and eye strain. Participants who used ergonomic tools reported significantly lower symptom intensity (<0.001). A positive correlation was found between fewer breaks and higher symptom intensity (r = 0.908, p < 0.001). Those with higher posture awareness reported lower symptom intensity (p < 0.001). Proactive measures, including regular breaks and ergonomic interventions, were perceived as effective strategies for managing symptoms. Increased symptom intensity was associated with reduced ability to perform daily activities (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The study highlights the significant role of ergonomic tools, posture awareness, and regular breaks in mitigating musculoskeletal symptoms. Proactive measures, including structured interventions, can effectively reduce symptom intensity and improve daily functioning. These findings suggest that workplace health strategies focusing on ergonomics and posture education are crucial for reducing the impact of musculoskeletal discomfort on employee well-being and productivity.

Background: This study investigates the association between depression and ischemic heart disease (IHD), conditions that often coexist and complicate patient management. Understanding the impact of demographic factors, risk factors, symptoms, and medical approaches in these patients is essential to develop effective clinical strategies. Objectives: The aim of this study is to investigate how demographic characteristics, risk factors, symptoms, and treatment methods differ between patients with depression alone and those with both depression and IHD. It seeks to identify how these factors influence patient outcomes, providing insights to improve management and treatment approaches for this complex patient group. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study included a sample of 332 patients diagnosed with depression, with a specific subgroup consisting of individuals who also had comorbid IHD. Statistical analyses were performed to compare the patients with depression, focusing on those with IHD. Data on demographic characteristics (e.g., gender, environment, social status), risk factors (e.g., hypertension, diabetes), symptom severity, and treatments (e.g., antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics) were analyzed. The study also evaluated the frequency of cardiac examinations and emergency hospitalizations. Results: Significant demographic differences were found between the two groups. Patients with both depression and IHD had higher rates of hypertension and diabetes mellitus and experienced more severe depressive symptoms, including reduced mood, energy, and activity levels. The treatment patterns were similar in terms of antidepressant use, but the IHD group had a higher use of antipsychotics, anxiolytics, and hypnotics. Additionally, these patients required more cardiac examinations and emergency hospitalizations. Conclusions: Comorbidity between depression and IHD presents complex clinical challenges, and it is crucial to implement an integrated management approach that addresses both mental and physical health. This study highlights the need for comprehensive therapeutic strategies to improve the quality of life and outcomes for patients with these coexisting conditions.

Background and Objectives: Increased and unstructured digital exposure has raised growing concerns about its potential impact on children’s cognitive and behavioral development. Executive functions (EFs)—encompassing attention, working memory, inhibition, and cognitive flexibility—are particularly sensitive to environmental influences during development. Beyond its empirical aim, this study also sought to address a theoretical gap by clarifying how multiple dimensions of digital exposure (quantity, content quality, and sleep-related timing) jointly relate to EF performance, an area insufficiently integrated into current EF frameworks. This study aimed to examine the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of digital exposure in relation to sleep duration and EF performance among Romanian school-aged children and adolescents. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 142 students aged 5–19 years, using standardized cognitive tasks and structured parent questionnaires to assess screen time, digital content type, and sleep duration. Analyses included correlational tests, group comparisons, regression models, and moderation procedures. Results: Higher daily screen time was associated with poorer attention and working-memory performance and shorter nocturnal sleep. Children and adolescents who exceeded the recommended daily screen-time limits performed worse on executive-function measures than those within recommended limits. Digital content type and sleep duration each contributed uniquely to executive performance, and recreational digital content as well as younger age intensified the negative effects of screen exposure. Conclusions: Excessive daily screen time, especially involving passive or recreational content, is associated with poorer EF performance and shorter sleep in children. Adequate sleep and educational or interactive digital engagement may mitigate these effects. The findings underscore the importance of age-appropriate, structured, and balanced digital habits to support healthy cognitive development.

Background and Objectives: Hip arthroplasty is commonly performed to enhance mobility and quality of life in patients with severe joint degeneration. However, post-surgery complications such as infections, dislocations, and mechanical failures remain prevalent and vary over time. This study examines the relationship between time intervals post-surgery and the occurrence of complications and explores the associations between specific treatment modalities and complications. It also investigates temporal patterns of infectious and mechanical complications to inform more effective post-surgery care. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on hip arthroplasty patients to analyze the occurrence and distribution of complications across medium-term (1–5 years) and long-term (≥6 years) intervals. Treatment modalities, including joint debridement, lavage, antibiotics, and mechanical interventions, were analyzed for their association with complications. Chi-Square tests were used, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: A significant association was found between time intervals and complications (χ² = 58.149, df = 19, p < 0.001). Infections were more prevalent in the medium-term, while mechanical complications such as dislocation, implant loosening, and periprosthetic fractures were more common in the long-term. Antibiotics were strongly linked to infectious complications (χ² = 279.000, p < 0.001), and mechanical treatments were associated with fractures and dislocations. Conclusions: The study confirms that the timing of complications post-surgery plays a critical role in their occurrence. Specific complications become more prevalent at different intervals, emphasizing the need for tailored treatment strategies. Antibiotics for infections and mechanical interventions for fractures and dislocations should be adjusted based on timing. These findings highlight the importance of time-specific post-surgery care and suggest areas for further research on long-term strategies and risk factors.

Background/Objectives: Heart failure (HF) remains a leading cause of hospitalization and morbidity. Arterial stiffness, measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) and the augmentation index (AIx), has been linked to HF severity and prognosis. This study investigates the relationship between clinical parameters, biochemical indicators, and arterial stiffness in hospitalized patients with HF, aiming to identify predictors of hospitalization and improve patient management. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 98 patients admitted with HF: 53 with acutely decompensated HF (sudden worsening of symptoms) and 45 with chronic HF (stable symptoms of HF). Clinical and biochemical parameters, including ejection fraction (EF), N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels, and arterial stiffness indicators (PWV and AIx), were measured at admission. During follow-up, 59 patients required re-hospitalization due to acutely decompensated HF, while 39 remained outpatients without further hospitalization. The relationship between these parameters was analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple Cox regression analysis was conducted to identify independent predictors of re-hospitalization. Results: A significant negative correlation between EF and PWV was found (r = −0.853, 95% CI [−0.910, −0.764]), suggesting an association between improved heart function (higher EF) and reduced arterial stiffness (lower PWV). A moderate positive correlation between EF and AIx (r = 0.626, 95% CI [0.473, 0.805]) suggests that, while higher EF is associated with increased AIx, the relationship is weaker compared to EF and PWV. This may reflect differing contributions of vascular and myocardial factors to HF severity. Hospitalized patients exhibited significantly poorer clinical and biochemical profiles, including higher NT-proBNP levels (p < 0.001) and worse blood pressure (BP) measurements (systolic and diastolic, p < 0.01). Multiple Cox regression analysis identified PWV, Aix, and NT-proBNP as independent predictors of re-hospitalization in HF patients, with significant hazard ratios: PWV (HR = 1.15, p = 0.02), AIx (HR = 1.03, p = 0.02), and NT-proBNP (HR = 1.0001, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Arterial stiffness indices (PWV and AIx), EF, and NT-proBNP were identified as significant predictors of re-hospitalization in HF patients. These findings suggest that integrating arterial stiffness measurements into routine clinical assessments may enhance the risk stratification and inform targeted interventions to reduce hospitalizations and improve outcomes.