Soil salinization is a significant obstacle to agricultural development in arid and semiarid regions. While short-term experiments have demonstrated the effective improvement of saline soils through biochar amendment, the long-term efficacy in sustainably ameliorating such soils remains uncertain. Addressing this knowledge gap, this study investigated the long-term effects of biochar amendment in a field setting by applying different rates of biochar to a salt-affected soil and cultivating silage maize for three consecutive years. The comprehensive assessment includes not only maize growth but also changes in soil physical and chemical properties over the study period. The results reveal a notable elevation in maize above-ground dry matter, directly correlated to the enhanced uptake of nitrogen, phosphorous, and potassium. Additionally, biochar application improves saline soil physical properties, including reduced bulk density (1–23%), increased soil large pores (0.7–12%), and macroaggregates (24–141%), and chemical properties, including a decrease in exchangeable sodium percentage (35–48%), and an increase in soil total organic carbon (112–857%), total nitrogen (9–198%), available nitrogen (12–49%), phosphorus (141–538%) and potassium (57–895%). These improvements ultimately resulted in better maize growth. However, the amelioration effect of biochar on these soil properties gradually diminished over the three-year study. Consequently, this study suggests that biochar is a promising soil amendment that can enhance maize growth in saline soil for at least three years in a field experiment, providing valuable insights for sustainable agricultural practices in salt-affected regions.

Morel is a popular edible mushroom with considerable medicinal and economic value which has garnered global popularity. However, the increasing heavy metal (HM) pollution in the soil presents a significant challenge to morels cultivation. Given the susceptibility of morels to HM accumulation, the quality and output of morels are at risk, posing a serious food safety concern that hinders the development of the morel industry. Nonetheless, research on the mechanism of HM enrichment and mitigation strategies in morel remains scarce. The morel, being cultivated in soil, shows a positive correlation between HM content in its fruiting body and the HM content in the soil. Therefore, soil remediation emerges as the most practical and effective approach to tackle HM pollution. Compared to physical and chemical remediation, bioremediation is a low-cost and eco-friendly approach that poses minimal threats to soil composition and structure. HMs easily enriched during morels cultivation were examined, including Cd, Cu, Hg, and Pb, and we assessed soil passivation technology, microbial remediation, strain screening and cultivation, and agronomic measures as potential approaches for HM pollution prevention. The current review underscores the importance of establishing a comprehensive system for preventing HM pollution in morels.