This study presents the development, simulation, and hardware implementation of a 48 V, 1 kW mid-range wireless power transfer (WPT) platform for autonomous guided vehicle (AGV) charging in industrial applications. The system uses an LCC-S compensation topology, selected for its ability to maintain a constant output voltage and deliver high efficiency even under load variations at a typical coil distance of 15 cm. It can also operate at different distances by adjusting the compensator circuit. A proportional–integral (PI) controller is implemented for current regulation, offering a practical, low-cost solution well suited to industrial embedded systems. Compared to advanced control strategies, the PI controller provides sufficient accuracy with minimal computational demand, enabling reliable operation in real-world environments. Current adjustment can be dynamically carried out in response to real-time changes and continuously monitored based on the AGV battery’s state of charge (SOC). Simulation and experimental results validate the system’s performance, achieving over 80% efficiency and demonstrating its feasibility for scalable, robust AGV charging in Industry 4.0 Manufacturing Settings.

This paper presents the design and calculation of wireless power transfer (WPT) integrated with the Hamiltonian Control Law. The proposed controller demonstrates greater effectiveness in terms of system stability and precise energy control, as compared to the commonly used PI controller in industrial applications. The proposed prototype has been built for assessment in both simulation and implementation, with a rated output power of 500 W and 48 V. The load-independent compensating topology, such as the LCC-S resonant tank, is used to transmit power wirelessly through an air core. Finally, in the last stage, the Hamiltonian Control Law with state observer is applied on the dc-to-dc buck mode converter to control the battery current and overall system. Apparently, the charging current can be precisely regulated to a specific value.

This article presents a review and comparative analysis of converter architectures for electrolyzer systems, covering alternating current (AC) -grid-connected, direct-current (DC) -grid-connected, and renewable-energy-connected systems, as well as isolated and non-isolated configurations. The study classifies and compares key converter topologies based on engineering criteria, including voltage gain, efficiency, device count, control complexity, and implementation feasibility. Furthermore, the relationships among converter structures, power-source characteristics, and electrolyzer-system requirements are analyzed to reveal system-level engineering trade-offs. The analysis demonstrates that converter suitability depends on the combined requirements of the power source, galvanic isolation, electrolyzer characteristics, operating conditions, and application-specific engineering priorities. In addition, wide-bandgap semiconductor devices and electrolyzer operating characteristics are discussed as important factors in converter selection, particularly for improving converter efficiency, reducing current ripple, increasing power density, and supporting dynamic operation. This article therefore provides a systematic framework for converter classification and selection according to power-source characteristics, electrolyzer requirements, and application power levels.