Objectives: To evaluate the effect of whey protein (WP) supplementation associated with resistance training (RT) on glycemic control, functional tasks, muscle strength, and body composition in older adults living with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Secondly, to evaluate the safety of the protocol for renal function. Methods: The population comprised twenty-six older men living with T2DM (68.5 ± 11.5 years old). The participants were randomly assigned to the Protein Group (PG) and the Control Group (CG). The handgrip test and evolution of exercise loads, according to the Omni Resistance Exercise Scale, evaluated muscle strength. Functional tasks were assessed by force platform in three different protocols: Sit-to-Stand, Step/Quick Turn, and Step Up/Over. Body composition was evaluated by bioimpedance and glycemic control and renal function were assessed by biochemical analyses. Both groups performed RT for 12 weeks, twice a week, prioritizing large muscle groups. Protein supplementation was 20 g of whey protein isolate and the CG was supplemented with an isocaloric drink, containing 20 g of maltodextrin. Results: There was a significant difference in muscle strength, according to the evolution of the exercise loads, but it was not confirmed in the handgrip test. However, there was no significant difference between the groups, regarding performance in functional tasks, glycemic control, or body composition. Renal function showed no alteration. Conclusion: The intake of 20 g of WP in older male adults living with T2DM did not increase the effect of RT on muscle strength, functional tasks, and glycemic control. The intervention was proven safe regarding renal function.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of 12-week resistance training (RT) on muscle strength, dynamic balance, glycemic control and the lipid profile. Methods: The Laboratory of Movement Studies in the University of São Paulo, Brazil, developed this longitudinal study between 2021 and 2023. It assessed 62 males with type 2 diabetes mellitus pre and post an RT protocol. The participants, who were 69.8 (±3.9) years old, took part in a 12-week twice-weekly RT program. Three sets of eight to twelve repetitions each were executed for eight exercises targeting the large muscle groups. The intensity was set between 7 and 8 out of 10 for perceived effort, according to the Omni Resistance Exercise Scale. All participants were evaluated pre and post in knee extensor and flexor strength by isokinetic dynamometry, handgrip strength by manual dynamometry and dynamic postural balance by a force platform, as well as blood tests to determine the lipid and glycemic profiles. For comparison, paired t or Wilcoxon tests were used at an alpha of 5%. Results: There was an improvement in muscular strength by handgrip restricted to the non-dominant side (p = 0.033) and for the bilateral knee flexors (p < 0.001) and extensors (p < 0.001), as determined by isokinetic dynamometry. There was no improvement in dynamic postural balance, glycemic control or lipid control. Conclusions: The 12-week RT promoted improved muscle strength in knee extension and flexion and non-dominant grip pressure but did not affect dynamic balance, glycemic control or the lipid profile.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a prevalent chronic disease associated with major health complications, including cardiovascular risk. To evaluate the effects of resistance training (RT) combined with protein or carbohydrate supplementation on muscle strength, hypertrophy, and glycemic and lipid profiles in older adults with T2DM. A triple-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted with 60 men with T2DM, allocated into three groups: Protein Group (20 g whey protein), Maltodextrin Group (20 g maltodextrin), and Control Group (colored water). All participants completed a 12-week RT program performed twice weekly. Each session included six exercises, with three sets of 8-12 repetitions, guided by subjective perception of effort. Muscle strength progression was monitored through training loads. Glycemic response, HOMA-IR, and lipid profile were analyzed, while muscle thickness of the biceps brachii and vastus lateralis was measured using ultrasound. The Protein Group showed a significant reduction in HOMA-IR (p = 0.03), indicating improved insulin resistance. Lipid profile variables showed no significant changes across groups. Most exercises demonstrated significant load progression, except rowing and standing curls. Muscle thickness did not show significant differences in either muscle evaluated. RT improved muscle strength regardless of supplementation type but did not produce significant hypertrophy. Protein supplementation significantly reduced HOMA-IR, indicating early improvements in insulin sensitivity, whereas carbohydrate supplementation showed no metabolic effect. Lipid profile parameters remained unchanged, and no significant changes were observed in HbA1c or fasting glycemia.

Background: Population aging poses major challenges for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), particularly because inadequate protein intake, physical inactivity, and gut microbial dysbiosis may contribute to systemic oxidative stress and chronic low-grade inflammation (inflammaging). The present study investigated the combined effects of protein supplementation (P), synbiotic plus protein supplementation (SP), and resistance training (RT) on physical performance, body composition, glycemic control, inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters in older adults with T2DM. Methods: This randomized, triple-blinded clinical trial included men aged ≥ 65 years with T2DM. Fifty-one participants were randomly allocated to one of three intervention groups: Control ( n = 17), Protein (P; n = 17), or Synbiotic + Protein (SP; n = 17). Following withdrawals and losses to follow-up, 40 participants completed the intervention and were included in the final analyses (Control, n = 13; P , n = 13; SP, n = 14). Results: All groups showed improvements in physical performance and an enhanced redox balance, as indicated by higher uric acid levels (an endogenous antioxidant) and lower plasma iron concentrations. Although all groups exhibited increased activities of the muscle damage markers lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase, the Protein group demonstrated greater improvements in muscle strength, reduced insulin resistance, and lower oxidative damage associated with heme-iron species. Furthermore, the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFN-γ and IL-6 were elevated in the Protein group, which may reflect their physiological role in exercise-induced metabolic adaptation and energy homeostasis rather than a detrimental inflammatory response. Conclusions: Protein supplementation combined with RT was associated with improvements in muscle strength, physical performance, insulin resistance, and selected biomarkers of oxidative stress. Under the conditions of the present study, the addition of synbiotic supplementation did not provide further benefits beyond those achieved with protein supplementation and resistance training alone.

O prеsеntе trаbаlho sе insеrе еntrе pеsquisаs contеmporânеаs quе prеtеndеm discutir os modos pеlos quаis аs rеlаçõеs dе gênеro е sеxuаlidаdеs constituеm sujеitos. O ponto dе pаrtidа surgе dе quеstionаmеntos е inquiеtаçõеs pаrа com а formаção docеntе no curso dе Pеdаgogiа. Pаrа conduzir еstе еstudo nos inspirаmos nаs mеtodologiаs dе pеsquisаs pós-críticаs еm еducаção. А pеsquisа tеm como foco o curso dе Pеdаgogiа dа Univеrsidаdе Еstаduаl dе Pеrnаmbuco (UPЕ). Nа invеstigаção, forаm еntrеvistаdos cinco еstudаntеs homеns quе concordаrаm еm compаrtilhаr suаs vivênciаs е pеrcеpçõеs еnquаnto sujеitos mаsculinos nа grаduаção еm Pеdаgogiа dа UPЕ. Аdotаndo como bаsе os rеsultаdos dеssе procеsso invеstigаtivo, construímos rеflеxõеs sobrе а nаturаlizаção do curso dе Pеdаgogiа como um еspаço (еxclusivаmеntе) fеminino е os “еstrаnhаmеntos” аcеrcа dа docênciа mаsculinа nos аnos iniciаis.