Sawssen Araichi

Dr. Sawssen Araichi

orcid

Research Focus & Metrics

Academic Career Length

6Years (2021-Present)

(Calculated once Scilit publication data is synced: current year − year of first publication + 1)

Representative Publications

View All Publications
1 July 2024 in Energies
Verified
Journal Article
Open access
PDF file
SASara Ali ALOKLEY
Sara Ali ALOKLEY
SASawssen Araichi
Sawssen Araichi
GAGadir Abdulaziz Alomair
Gadir Abdulaziz Alomair
Financial markets are increasingly interlinked. Therefore, this study explores the complex relationships between the Tadawul All Share Index (TASI), West Texas Intermediate (WTI) crude oil prices, and Bitcoin (BTC) returns, which are pivotal to informed investment and risk-management decisions. Using copula-based models, this study identified Student’s t copula as the most appropriate one for encapsulating the dependencies between TASI and BTC and between TASI and WTI prices, highlighting significant tail dependencies. For the BTC–WTI relationship, the Frank copula was found to have the best fit, indicating nonlinear correlation without tail dependence. The predictive power of the identified copulas were compared to that of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks. The LSTM models demonstrated markedly lower Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Mean Absolute Scaled Error (MASE) across all assets, indicating higher predictive accuracy. The empirical findings of this research provide valuable insights for financial market participants and contribute to the literature on asset relationship modeling. By revealing the most effective copulas for different asset pairs and establishing the robust forecasting capabilities of LSTM networks, this paper sets the stage for future investigations of the predictive modeling of financial time-series data. The study highlights the potential of integrating machine-learning techniques with traditional econometric models to improve investment strategies and risk-management practices.

18 July 2021 in Applied Economics
Verified
Journal Article
Closed access
SASawssen Araichi
Sawssen Araichi
TATarifa S. Almulhim
Tarifa S. Almulhim
A capital requirement should be established for insurance companies at a level that allows them to fulfil their engagements towards policyholders. As such, evaluating an accurate amount of reserve and capital within different lines of business is a fundamental procedure for any company. However, studying the dependence between lines of business and the uncertainty regarding this dependence has been neglected in prior actuarial research. In practice, the evaluation of a Solvency Capital Requirement may be inaccurate when the risks of different business lines are independent. Thus, the present article aims to provide an appropriate modelling approach for claim amounts by taking into account the multivariate dependence between risks. To alleviate this issue, it uses vine copula functions to capture dependence between multivariate distributions of risks for five lines of business. Moreover, the dependence structure may be uncertain which leads to determining different levels of capital. Therefore, we propose a fuzzy inference system to handle the uncertainty of dependence structure. The obtained results reveal that considering the multivariate dependence structure produces a higher amount of Solvency Capital Requirement than the independence case. Moreover, the Solvency Capital Requirement level is decided according to the degree of dependence between risks.

1 April 2026
Verified
Thesis
Closed access
SASawssen Araichi
Sawssen Araichi
Initialement, la modélisation des risques en assurance non vie, supposait l'indépendance entre les différentes variables des modèles actuariels. De nos jours, cette hypothèse d'indépendance est souvent relâchée afin de tenir compte de possibles interactions entre les différents éléments. Cette thèse a pour but de contribuer à la littérature existante de la modélisation de la dépendance en assurance non vie. Concrètement, nous introduisons une nouvelle méthodologie d'analyse des risques en assurance à travers le développement des modèles de dépendance, principalement dans un cadre dynamique. Dans le premier chapitre de la thèse nous introduisons le contexte actuel de solvabilité, ainsi que la modélisation de la dépendance en assurance, avec une présentation des principaux résultats. Le deuxième chapitre est essentiellement constitué d'un article coécrit avec Christian de Peretti et Lotfi Belkacem, intitulé "Modelling Temporal Dependence of Claims In Insurance Using Autoregressive Conditional Amount Models" (voir Araichi et al. (2013)). Dans ce chapitre nous montrons l'existence d'une forme de dépendance temporelle (dynamique) entre les montants de sinistres d'une même branche d'assurance. Nous proposons un nouveau modèle nommé Autoregressive Conditional Amount Model (ACA), qui permet de capturer le comportement dynamique des sinistres. Également, nous développons un nouveau modèle nommé Generalized Extreme Value ACA model (GEVACA), afin d'analyser la dépendance dynamique des montants élevés, au niveau des queues de distribution. Enfin, nous donnons une nouvelle expression pour la Value at Risk (VaR) paramétrique adaptée pour des risques à dépendance temporelle. Des applications sur des données réelles et des techniques de backtesting sont ensuite effectuées afin de montrer la pertinence des modèles proposés. Le troisième chapitre est constitué d'un article coécrit avec Christian de Peretti et Lotfi Belkacem, intitulé "Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Sinistrality Model : A novel model for claims reserving in Non life insurance", (voir Araichi et al. (2015)). Dans ce chapitre, nous abordons d'abord le problème de l'évaluation des réserves dans un cadre dynamique. Nous montrons l'existence d'une forme de dépendance dynamique dans un triangle de liquidation. En particulier, nous nous intéressons à l'analyse de la dépendance temporelle entre les sinistres, ainsi qu'entre les années de développement. Nous proposons un nouveau modèle nommé "Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Sinistrality Model (GACSM), qui constitue une extension du modèle linéaire généralisé classique. Ensuite, nous fournissons une méthode de simulation bootstrap basée sur le modèle GACSM, qui permet d'évaluer les réserves en tenant compte du caractère dynamique des sinistres. Enfin, afin de montrer l'impact du modèle proposé sur l'évaluation des réserves et du capital, nous effectuons une comparaison des résultats obtenus avec ceux obtenus des modèles classiques (Chain Ladder et modèle linéaire généralisé). Dans le quatrième chapitre de la thèse, qui est constitué d'un article, coécrit avec Christian de Peretti et Lotfi Belkacem, intitulé "Time Varying Copula Model for claims reserving in Non life insurance". Nous intéressons à évaluer le montant agrégé des sinistres, en analysant conjointement la dépendance dynamique inter-sinistres ainsi qu'entre les sinistres de deux branches. Nous proposons un modèle basé sur le modèle GACSM et les copules conditionnelles, qui permettent de suivre l'évolution de la dépendance au cours du temps. Enfin, nous effectuons des applications sur des données réelles, ainsi que des méthodes de simulation sont considérées. En comparant les résultats obtenus, nous avons pu illustrer l'impact de la dépendance dynamique sur les réserves et le besoin en capital

Verified
Journal Article
Open access
PDF file
SASawssen Araichi
Sawssen Araichi
ASAya Saket
Aya Saket
Bitcoin price forecasting often uses broad information sets that combine market, on-chain, macroeconomic, financial, energy, and technical variables. This study examines whether predictor reduction improves one-day-ahead Bitcoin price forecasts within learning models and whether this effect persists across successive out-of-sample periods. Daily data from January 2015 to May 2024 are analyzed. A nine-variable specification is first selected from an eleven-variable information set using Drop-Column ranking and nested Top-K selection. The selected specification is evaluated with Random Forest (RF), XGBoost, and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models using a fixed out-of-sample evaluation and ten successive 60-day walk-forward windows. Under observation-date alignment, the selected specification reduces RMSE in the fixed evaluation by 0.75% for RF, 2.59% for XGBoost, and 45.21% for LSTM. Across the walk-forward windows, it produces lower RMSE in seven of ten periods for RF and XGBoost and in nine of ten periods for LSTM. HAC-adjusted predictive-loss tests show statistically significant improvements for XGBoost and LSTM, while the RF differences are not statistically significant at the reference bandwidths. A time-ordered selection check further selects market_cap alone, indicating that the strongest reduction effect is concentrated in a highly parsimonious specification. With a publication-date and vintage-aligned information set, eight predictors (instead of nine) are selected and predictor reduction again lowers aggregate forecast errors for all three models. Predictor reduction therefore improves forecast accuracy in most comparisons within the tested learning models, although the random-walk benchmark produces lower absolute forecast errors than all learning-model specifications.

7 September 2026 in Risks
Verified
Journal Article
Open access
PDF file
SASawssen Araichi
Sawssen Araichi
OBOns Belhedi
Ons Belhedi
Heni BoubakerHeni Boubaker
Heni Boubaker
GAGadir Abdulaziz Alomair
Gadir Abdulaziz Alomair
Sustainable investing raises an important question: do environmental restrictions affect the risk–return characteristics of cryptocurrency portfolios? This study compares Mean-CVaR optimal portfolios across Green, Dirty, and Mixed cryptocurrency universes using daily returns for 12 cryptocurrencies from January 2022 to September 2025. Ethereum (ETH) was classified as Dirty before its transition from Proof-of-Work to Proof-of-Stake in September 2022 and as Green thereafter. Each universe is optimized independently using the Non-Dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), Strength Pareto Evolutionary Algorithm 2 (SPEA2), and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), with CVaR measured at the 95% confidence level. The results show that, in the Post-Merge period, the Green universe exhibits a higher CVaR than the Dirty and Mixed universes under all three algorithms. This result remains consistent across the main robustness analyses and is confirmed by an exact optimization benchmark. The asset-exclusion analysis further shows that excluding Bitcoin (BTC) increases CVaR under all three algorithms, whereas excluding ETH does not produce the same effect. These findings indicate that environmental screening can alter portfolio risk by changing the assets available for investment. For sustainability-oriented investors, the financial effect of such restrictions therefore depends on the assets excluded from the portfolio.