A solid-state electrolyte (SSE) is a key component in the performance control of all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. The development of a promising material has, however, come to a standstill due to the undesirably low ionic conductivity and stability. Using first-principles calculations, we propose that halospinels, i.e., Li₂Sc_2/3X₄ (X = Cl, Br, and I), should be encouraging materials to surmount the long-standing challenges. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations unveil their underlying mechanisms that the incorporated halogen anion and Sc form unique ionic pairs to create the atomic environment required for the dramatic facilitation of Li-ion diffusion to a superionic conductor level. In addition, collective ionic motions near the halogen species in the halospinel solid electrolyte promote the substantial enhancement of the electrochemical stability and interface compatibility with the electrodes. We demonstrate that a crucial factor is the rational selection of the halogen anion to achieve the maximal performance of the electrolyte. Ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) simulations consistently pinpoint that the halospinel with Cl anion, Li₂Sc_2/3Cl₄, is the best choice to maintain the high functionality of Li-ion conductivity, electrochemical stability, and interface compatibility with the LiCoO₂ electrode in Li-ion battery applications. Our study provides a fundamental ground on chemical design principles for a breakthrough in advancing solid-state electrolytes towards a wide commercialization of all-solid-state Li-ion batteries.

A CO₂ selective ZIF-8 membrane can be fabricated on a graphene oxide nanoribbon coated polymeric support with a CO₂ permeance of 7.8 × 10⁻⁹ mol m⁻² Pa⁻¹ s⁻¹ and a CO₂/CH₄ selectivity of 27.

Damage to the central nervous system (CNS) often leads to irreversible neurological deficits, and there are currently few effective treatments available. However, recent advancements in regenerative medicine have identified CNS organoids as promising therapeutic options for addressing CNS injuries. These organoids, composed of various neurons and supporting cells, have shown potential for direct repair at injury sites. CNS organoids resemble the structure and function of actual brain tissue, which allows them to adapt and function well within the physiological environment when transplanted into injury sites. Research findings suggest that CNS organoids can replace damaged neurons, form new neural connections, and promote neural recovery. This review highlights the emerging benefits, evaluates preclinical transplantation outcomes, and explores future strategies for optimizing neuroregeneration using CNS organoids. With continued research and technological advancements, these organoids could provide new hope for patients suffering from neurological deficits.

Since the emergence of the first cerebral organoid (CO) in 2013, advancements have transformed central nervous system (CNS) research. Initial efforts focused on studying the morphogenesis of COs and creating reproducible models. Numerous methodologies have been proposed, enabling the design of the brain organoid to represent specific regions and spinal cord structures. CNS organoids now facilitate the study of a wide range of CNS diseases, from infections to tumors, which were previously difficult to investigate. We summarize the major advancements in CNS organoids, concerning morphogenetic designs and disease models. We examine the development of fabrication procedures and how these advancements have enabled the generation of region-specific brain organoids and spinal cord models. We highlight the application of these organoids in studying various CNS diseases, demonstrating the versatility and potential of organoid models in advancing our understanding of complex conditions. We discuss the current challenges in the field, including issues related to reproducibility, scalability, and the accurate recapitulation of the in vivo environment. We provide an outlook on prospective studies and future directions. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art CNS organoid research, highlighting key developments, current challenges, and prospects in the field.