Energy management of the greenhouse is considered to be one of the most important challenges of greenhouse farming. Energy saving measures need considered, besides applying energy supplying techniques. To address this issue, a model was developed to simulate the thermal environment of a greenhouse using a Transient Systems Simulation Program (TRNSYS 17) as a building energy simulation (BES) platform. The model was calibrated by modifying the input parameters to minimize the uncertainties obtained from the results. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients of 0.958 and 0.983 showed good agreement between the computed and experimental results. The proposed model was used to evaluate the effects of greenhouse design parameters, including roof shape, orientation, double-glazing, natural ventilation, coverings and their thickness, on its energy conservation capacity. It was found that the most suitable design for a greenhouse located in Daegu (latitude 35.53° N, longitude 128.36° E) South Korea would be east-west (E-W) oriented, with a gothic-shaped roof and double-glazing of PMMA (Polymethylmethacrylate) covering. Natural ventilation reduced the inside temperature of greenhouse, thereby reducing the energy demand of cooling. The model developed can help greenhouse farmers and researchers make pre-design decisions regarding greenhouse construction, taking their local environment and specific needs into consideration.

In this work, we proposed a Building Energy Simulation (BES) dynamic climatic model of greenhouses by utilizing Transient System Simulation (TRNSYS 18) software to study the effect of use of different thermal screen materials and control strategies of thermal screens on heat energy requirement of greenhouses. Thermal properties of the most common greenhouse thermal screens were measured and used in the BES model. Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficients of 0.84 and 0.78 showed good agreement between the computed and experimental results, thus the proposed model appears to be appropriate for performing greenhouse thermal simulations. The proposed model was used to evaluate the effects of different thermal screens including; Polyester, Luxous, Tempa, and Multi-layers, as well as to evaluate control strategies of greenhouse thermal screens, subjected to Daegu city, (latitude 35.53° N, longitude 128.36° E) South Korea winter season weather conditions. Obtained results show that the heating requirement of greenhouses with multi-layer night thermal screens was 20%, 5.4%, and 13.5%, less than the Polyester, Luxous, and Tempa screens respectively. Thus, our experiments confirm that the use of multi-layered thermal screen can reduce greenhouse heat energy requirement. Furthermore, screen-control with outside solar radiation at an optimum setpoint of 60 W·m⁻² significantly influences the greenhouse’s energy conservation capacity, as it exhibited 699.5 MJ·m⁻², the least energy demand of all strategies tested. Moreover, the proposed model allows dynamic simulation of greenhouse systems and enables researchers and farmers to evaluate different screens and screen control strategies that suit their investment capabilities and local weather conditions.