Mupirocin, an antibiotic produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens, is mainly used for the topical treatment of various skin and soft tissue infections caused by Staphylococcus (including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) and Streptococcus around the world for decades. Nevertheless, the clinical application scope of mupirocin varies in different countries due to differences in their medical policies, prescription types, and drug resistance. According to the experience of Chinese doctors in the past few years, mupirocin presented low drug resistance rates, and could be used as a treatment option for various primary infections and secondary infections, with antibacterial effects in a broad application. In this review, we summarized the experience of mupirocin used in the Chinese population and discussed its clinical value to provide novel insights and inspiration for physicians.

Current guidelines recommend psoriatic patients with latent tuberculosis infection undergo chemoprophylaxis prior to initiating any biologic. However, clinical studies indicate that interleukin (IL) inhibitors may not increase the risk of tuberculosis reactivation. This review evaluates the safety in psoriatic patients with latent tuberculosis infection using IL inhibitors without chemoprophylaxis. PubMed and EMBASE were searched up to 1 November 2024 in accordance with PRISMA. Fifteen studies, including one safety analysis of a clinical trial, 2 case series, and 12 retrospective studies were analysed. The included studies reported a total of 837 cases: 179 patients were treated with secukinumab, 69 with ixekizumab, 8 with brodalumab, 539 with risankizumab, 22 with guselkumab, and 20 with tildrakizumab. Psoriatic patients with latent tuberculosis infection using an IL-12/23 inhibitor without chemoprophylaxis were not found in this review. Three of the 837 cases exhibited reactivation of tuberculosis. The reactivation rate is 0.78% among psoriatic patients with latent tuberculosis infection using IL-17 inhibitors, and 0.17% among those using IL-23 inhibitors. Our analysis shows that IL-17 and IL-23 inhibitors do not increase the risk of tuberculosis activation in psoriatic patients with latent tuberculosis infection. The impact of IL-12/23 inhibitors on tuberculosis reactivation among psoriatic patients with latent tuberculosis infection remains uncertain and requires further investigation.