Responsible, efficient and environmentally aware energy consumption behavior is becoming a necessity for the reliable modern electricity grid. In this paper, we present an intelligent data mining model to analyze, forecast and visualize energy time series to uncover various temporal energy consumption patterns. These patterns define the appliance usage in terms of association with time such as hour of the day, period of the day, weekday, week, month and season of the year as well as appliance-appliance associations in a household, which are key factors to infer and analyze the impact of consumers’ energy consumption behavior and energy forecasting trend. This is challenging since it is not trivial to determine the multiple relationships among different appliances usage from concurrent streams of data. Also, it is difficult to derive accurate relationships between interval-based events where multiple appliance usages persist for some duration. To overcome these challenges, we propose unsupervised data clustering and frequent pattern mining analysis on energy time series, and Bayesian network prediction for energy usage forecasting. We perform extensive experiments using real-world context-rich smart meter datasets. The accuracy results of identifying appliance usage patterns using the proposed model outperformed Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) at each stage while attaining a combined accuracy of 81.82%, 85.90%, 89.58% for 25%, 50% and 75% of the training data size respectively. Moreover, we achieved energy consumption forecast accuracies of 81.89% for short-term (hourly) and 75.88%, 79.23%, 74.74%, and 72.81% for the long-term; i.e., day, week, month, and season respectively.

Nowadays, there is an ever-increasing migration of people to urban areas. Health care service is one of the most challenging aspects that is greatly affected by the vast influx of people to city centers. Consequently, cities around the world are investing heavily in digital transformation in an effort to provide healthier ecosystems for people. In such a transformation, millions of homes are being equipped with smart devices (e.g., smart meters, sensors, and so on), which generate massive volumes of fine-grained and indexical data that can be analyzed to support smart city services. In this paper, we propose a model that utilizes smart home big data as a means of learning and discovering human activity patterns for health care applications. We propose the use of frequent pattern mining, cluster analysis, and prediction to measure and analyze energy usage changes sparked by occupants' behavior. Since people's habits are mostly identified by everyday routines, discovering these routines allows us to recognize anomalous activities that may indicate people's difficulties in taking care for themselves, such as not preparing food or not using a shower/bath. This paper addresses the need to analyze temporal energy consumption patterns at the appliance level, which is directly related to human activities. For the evaluation of the proposed mechanism, this paper uses the U.K. Domestic Appliance Level Electricity data set-time series data of power consumption collected from 2012 to 2015 with the time resolution of 6 s for five houses with 109 appliances from Southern England. The data from smart meters are recursively mined in the quantum/data slice of 24 h, and the results are maintained across successive mining exercises. The results of identifying human activity patterns from appliance usage are presented in detail in this paper along with the accuracy of shortand long-term predictions.

Inarguably, buying-in consumer confidence through respecting their energy consumption behavior and preferences in various energy programs is imperative but also demanding. Household energy consumption patterns, which provide great insight into consumers energy consumption behavioral traits, can be learned by understanding user activities along with appliances used and their time of use. Such information can be retrieved from the context-rich smart meters big data. However, the main challenge is how to extract complex interdependencies among multiple appliances operating concurrently, and identify appliances responsible for major energy consumption. Furthermore, due to the continuous generation of energy consumption data, over a period of time, appliance associations can change. Therefore, they need to be captured regularly and continuously. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised progressive incremental data mining mechanism applied to smart meters energy consumption data through frequent pattern mining to overcome these challenges. This can establish a foundation for efficient energy demand management while ameliorating end-user participation. The details and the results of evaluation of the proposed mechanism using real smart meters dataset are also presented in this paper.

The key elements for understanding power consumption of a typical home are related to the activities that users are performing, the time at which appliances are used, and the interdependencies with other appliances that may be used concurrently. This information can be extracted from context rich smart meters big data. However, the main challenge is how to mine complex interdependencies among different appliances usage within a home where multiple concurrent data streams are occurring. Furthermore, generation of energy consumption data from a smart meter is an ongoing continuous process and over period of time inter-appliance associations can change or new ones can establish. In this paper, we propose incremental mining of frequent power consumption patterns from smart meters big data. Our model exploits the benefits of pattern growth strategy and mine in quantum of 24 hour period, i.e. frequent patterns are extracted from data comprising of appliance usage tuples for 24 hours period, in a progressive manner. The details and the results of evaluating the proposed mechanism using real smart meters dataset are presented in this paper.