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Estrella Rausell
Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Facultad de Medicina

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Journal article
Published: 23 December 2020 in Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial
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Un exoesqueleto robótico es un dispositivo electromecánico utilizado para aumentar la capacidad física de una persona, como ayuda a la locomoción o para procesos de rehabilitación de la marcha. En el caso de los exoesqueletos de rehabilitación se requiere que el sistema de control sea capaz de adaptarse adecuadamente a la evolución del paciente con el fin de optimizar su recuperación, esto implica el diseño de controladores robustos y precisos. En este trabajo se presenta el análisis cinemático, análisis dinámico y evaluación del sistema de control del exoesqueleto de rehabilitación ALICE. Dentro de las técnicas de control presentadas se encuentran: el controlador PD, PD adaptativo, y el controlador en modo deslizante. Además, se realiza un análisis de estabilidad utilizando el criterio de Lyapunov. Para probar el rendimiento de los reguladores, se utiliza un conjunto de datos de la Escuela de Fisioterapia de la ONCE de Madrid, correspondiente a personas sanas y personas con esclerosis múltiple. Se utiliza MATLAB como software de simulación y lenguaje de programación.

ACS Style

M. Cardona; F. Serrano; J. A. Martín; E. Rausell; R. Saltaren; C. García-Cena. El exoesqueleto de rehabilitación de la marcha ALICE: análisis dinámico y evaluación del sistema de control utilizando cuaternios de Hamilton. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial 2020, 18, 48 -57.

AMA Style

M. Cardona, F. Serrano, J. A. Martín, E. Rausell, R. Saltaren, C. García-Cena. El exoesqueleto de rehabilitación de la marcha ALICE: análisis dinámico y evaluación del sistema de control utilizando cuaternios de Hamilton. Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial. 2020; 18 (1):48-57.

Chicago/Turabian Style

M. Cardona; F. Serrano; J. A. Martín; E. Rausell; R. Saltaren; C. García-Cena. 2020. "El exoesqueleto de rehabilitación de la marcha ALICE: análisis dinámico y evaluación del sistema de control utilizando cuaternios de Hamilton." Revista Iberoamericana de Automática e Informática industrial 18, no. 1: 48-57.

Journal article
Published: 06 September 2019 in Entropy
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Gait is a basic cognitive purposeful action that has been shown to be altered in late stages of neurodegenerative dementias. Nevertheless, alterations are less clear in mild forms of dementia, and the potential use of gait analysis as a biomarker of initial cognitive decline has hitherto mostly been neglected. Herein, we report the results of a study of gait kinematic time series for two groups of patients (mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer’s disease) and a group of matched control subjects. Two metrics based on permutation patterns are considered, respectively measuring the complexity and irreversibility of the time series. Results indicate that kinematic disorganisation is present in early phases of cognitive impairment; in addition, they depict a rich scenario, in which some joint movements display an increased complexity and irreversibility, while others a marked decrease. Beyond their potential use as biomarkers, complexity and irreversibility metrics can open a new door to the understanding of the role of the nervous system in gait, as well as its adaptation and compensatory mechanisms.

ACS Style

Juan-Andrés Martín-Gonzalo; Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas; Yu Wang; Ting Wang; Guadalupe Chiclana-Actis; Maria Del Carmen Algarra-Lucas; Itziar Palmí-Cortés; Jorge Fernández Travieso; Maria Dolores Torrecillas-Narváez; Ambrosio A. Miralles-Martinez; Estrella Rausell; David Gómez-Andrés; Massimiliano Zanin. Permutation Entropy and Irreversibility in Gait Kinematic Time Series from Patients with Mild Cognitive Decline and Early Alzheimer’s Dementia. Entropy 2019, 21, 868 .

AMA Style

Juan-Andrés Martín-Gonzalo, Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas, Yu Wang, Ting Wang, Guadalupe Chiclana-Actis, Maria Del Carmen Algarra-Lucas, Itziar Palmí-Cortés, Jorge Fernández Travieso, Maria Dolores Torrecillas-Narváez, Ambrosio A. Miralles-Martinez, Estrella Rausell, David Gómez-Andrés, Massimiliano Zanin. Permutation Entropy and Irreversibility in Gait Kinematic Time Series from Patients with Mild Cognitive Decline and Early Alzheimer’s Dementia. Entropy. 2019; 21 (9):868.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Juan-Andrés Martín-Gonzalo; Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas; Yu Wang; Ting Wang; Guadalupe Chiclana-Actis; Maria Del Carmen Algarra-Lucas; Itziar Palmí-Cortés; Jorge Fernández Travieso; Maria Dolores Torrecillas-Narváez; Ambrosio A. Miralles-Martinez; Estrella Rausell; David Gómez-Andrés; Massimiliano Zanin. 2019. "Permutation Entropy and Irreversibility in Gait Kinematic Time Series from Patients with Mild Cognitive Decline and Early Alzheimer’s Dementia." Entropy 21, no. 9: 868.

Research article
Published: 08 March 2018 in PLOS ONE
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The Hereditary Spastic Paraplegias (HSP) are a group of heterogeneous disorders with a wide spectrum of underlying neural pathology, and hence HSP patients express a variety of gait abnormalities. Classification of these phenotypes may help in monitoring disease progression and personalizing therapies. This is currently managed by measuring values of some kinematic and spatio-temporal parameters at certain moments during the gait cycle, either in the doctor´s surgery room or after very precise measurements produced by instrumental gait analysis (IGA). These methods, however, do not provide information about the whole structure of the gait cycle. Classification of the similarities among time series of IGA measured values of sagittal joint positions throughout the whole gait cycle can be achieved by hierarchical clustering analysis based on multivariate dynamic time warping (DTW). Random forests can estimate which are the most important isolated parameters to predict the classification revealed by DTW, since clinicians need to refer to them in their daily practice. We acquired time series of pelvic, hip, knee, ankle and forefoot sagittal angular positions from 26 HSP and 33 healthy children with an optokinetic IGA system. DTW revealed six gait patterns with different degrees of impairment of walking speed, cadence and gait cycle distribution and related with patient’s age, sex, GMFCS stage, concurrence of polyneuropathy and abnormal visual evoked potentials or corpus callosum. The most important parameters to differentiate patterns were mean pelvic tilt and hip flexion at initial contact. Longer time of support, decreased values of hip extension and increased knee flexion at initial contact can differentiate the mildest, near to normal HSP gait phenotype and the normal healthy one. Increased values of knee flexion at initial contact and delayed peak of knee flexion are important factors to distinguish GMFCS stages I from II-III and concurrence of polyneuropathy.

ACS Style

Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas; David Gómez-Andrés; Juan Andrés Martín-Gonzalo; Irene Rodríguez-Andonaegui; Javier López-López; Samuel Ignacio Pascual Pascual; Estrella Rausell. Gait phenotypes in paediatric hereditary spastic paraplegia revealed by dynamic time warping analysis and random forests. PLOS ONE 2018, 13, e0192345 .

AMA Style

Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas, David Gómez-Andrés, Juan Andrés Martín-Gonzalo, Irene Rodríguez-Andonaegui, Javier López-López, Samuel Ignacio Pascual Pascual, Estrella Rausell. Gait phenotypes in paediatric hereditary spastic paraplegia revealed by dynamic time warping analysis and random forests. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13 (3):e0192345.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas; David Gómez-Andrés; Juan Andrés Martín-Gonzalo; Irene Rodríguez-Andonaegui; Javier López-López; Samuel Ignacio Pascual Pascual; Estrella Rausell. 2018. "Gait phenotypes in paediatric hereditary spastic paraplegia revealed by dynamic time warping analysis and random forests." PLOS ONE 13, no. 3: e0192345.

Journal article
Published: 19 January 2018 in Entropy
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Cerebral palsy is a physical impairment stemming from a brain lesion at perinatal time, most of the time resulting in gait abnormalities: the first cause of severe disability in childhood. Gait study, and instrumental gait analysis in particular, has been receiving increasing attention in the last few years, for being the complex result of the interactions between different brain motor areas and thus a proxy in the understanding of the underlying neural dynamics. Yet, and in spite of its importance, little is still known about how the brain adapts to cerebral palsy and to its impaired gait and, consequently, about the best strategies for mitigating the disability. In this contribution, we present the hitherto first analysis of joint kinematics data using permutation entropy, comparing cerebral palsy children with a set of matched control subjects. We find a significant increase in the permutation entropy for the former group, thus indicating a more complex and erratic neural control of joints and a non-trivial relationship between the permutation entropy and the gait speed. We further show how this information theory measure can be used to train a data mining model able to forecast the child’s condition. We finally discuss the relevance of these results in clinical applications and specifically in the design of personalized medicine interventions.

ACS Style

Massimiliano Zanin; David Gómez-Andrés; Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas; Juan Andrés Martín-Gonzalo; Javier López-López; Samuel Ignacio Pascual-Pascual; Estrella Rausell. Characterizing Normal and Pathological Gait through Permutation Entropy. Entropy 2018, 20, 77 .

AMA Style

Massimiliano Zanin, David Gómez-Andrés, Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas, Juan Andrés Martín-Gonzalo, Javier López-López, Samuel Ignacio Pascual-Pascual, Estrella Rausell. Characterizing Normal and Pathological Gait through Permutation Entropy. Entropy. 2018; 20 (1):77.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Massimiliano Zanin; David Gómez-Andrés; Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas; Juan Andrés Martín-Gonzalo; Javier López-López; Samuel Ignacio Pascual-Pascual; Estrella Rausell. 2018. "Characterizing Normal and Pathological Gait through Permutation Entropy." Entropy 20, no. 1: 77.

Journal article
Published: 23 February 2016 in Cerebellum & Ataxias
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Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects the cerebellar system and other subcortical regions of the brain. As for other cerebellar diseases, the severity of this type of ataxia can be assessed with the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) which gives a total score that reflects functional impairment out of 8 cerebellar function tests. SCA3 patients score profile is heterogeneous on at the start of follow up. This study investigates possible patterns in those profiles and analyses the impact of other usually concurrent signs of impairment of extracerebellar motor systems in that profile variability by means of multivariate statistical approaches. Seventeen patients with SCA3 underwent systematic anamnesis, neurological and SARA assessment, visual evaluation of (123)I-Ioflupane (DaTSCAN) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging and electrophysiological studies (nerve conduction and electromyography). Patterns in the profiles of SARA item scores were investigated by hierarchical clustering after multivariate correspondence analysis. A network analysis was used to represent relationships between SARA item scores, clinical, genetic and neurological examination parameters as well as abnormalities of DaTSCAN SPECT imaging and electrophysiological studies. The most frequently altered SARA items in all patients are gait and stance, and three profiles of SCA3 patients can be distinguished depending mainly on their degree of impairment in those two items. Other SARA items like the score on heel-shin slide contribute less to the classification. Network analysis shows that SARA item scores configure a single domain that is independent of the size of the mutated expanded allele and age of onset, which are, in turn closely and inversely correlated. The severity of cerebellar dysfunction is correlated with longer disease duration, altered visual evaluation of DaTSCAN SPECT imaging and decreased patellar reflexes. Neither the presence of pyramidal or extrapyramidal signs nor the intensity of polyneuropathy is correlated with the SARA items scores. Pattern recognition approaches are useful tools to describe clinical phenotypes of ataxias and to identify particular configurations of cerebellar signs.

ACS Style

Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas; David Gómez-Andrés; Irene Sanz-Gallego; Estrella Rausell; Javier Arpa. Patterns of motor signs in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 at the start of follow-up in a reference unit. Cerebellum & Ataxias 2016, 3, 4 .

AMA Style

Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas, David Gómez-Andrés, Irene Sanz-Gallego, Estrella Rausell, Javier Arpa. Patterns of motor signs in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 at the start of follow-up in a reference unit. Cerebellum & Ataxias. 2016; 3 (1):4.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas; David Gómez-Andrés; Irene Sanz-Gallego; Estrella Rausell; Javier Arpa. 2016. "Patterns of motor signs in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 at the start of follow-up in a reference unit." Cerebellum & Ataxias 3, no. 1: 4.

English abstract
Published: 16 March 2014 in Revista de Neurología
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ACS Style

David Gómez-Andrés; Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas; Juan Andrés Martín-Gonzalo; Javier López-López; Ignacio Martínez-Caballero; Enrique Gómez-Barrena; Estrella Rausell. [External evaluation of gait and functional changes after a single-session multiple myofibrotenotomy in school-aged children with spastic diplegia]. Revista de Neurología 2014, 58, 1 .

AMA Style

David Gómez-Andrés, Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas, Juan Andrés Martín-Gonzalo, Javier López-López, Ignacio Martínez-Caballero, Enrique Gómez-Barrena, Estrella Rausell. [External evaluation of gait and functional changes after a single-session multiple myofibrotenotomy in school-aged children with spastic diplegia]. Revista de Neurología. 2014; 58 (6):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Gómez-Andrés; Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas; Juan Andrés Martín-Gonzalo; Javier López-López; Ignacio Martínez-Caballero; Enrique Gómez-Barrena; Estrella Rausell. 2014. "[External evaluation of gait and functional changes after a single-session multiple myofibrotenotomy in school-aged children with spastic diplegia]." Revista de Neurología 58, no. 6: 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2013 in Gait & Posture
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ACS Style

Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas; David Gómez-Andrés; Aitor Cinza; Gabriel Liaño; Lorena Martín-Román; Javier Lopez; Samuel Ignacio Pascual-Pascual; Estrella Rausell. Prediction of site of botulinum toxin multilevel based on gait parameters: A pilot study. Gait & Posture 2013, 38, S68 -S69.

AMA Style

Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas, David Gómez-Andrés, Aitor Cinza, Gabriel Liaño, Lorena Martín-Román, Javier Lopez, Samuel Ignacio Pascual-Pascual, Estrella Rausell. Prediction of site of botulinum toxin multilevel based on gait parameters: A pilot study. Gait & Posture. 2013; 38 ():S68-S69.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas; David Gómez-Andrés; Aitor Cinza; Gabriel Liaño; Lorena Martín-Román; Javier Lopez; Samuel Ignacio Pascual-Pascual; Estrella Rausell. 2013. "Prediction of site of botulinum toxin multilevel based on gait parameters: A pilot study." Gait & Posture 38, no. : S68-S69.

Journal article
Published: 01 November 2013 in Gait & Posture
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ACS Style

David Gómez-Andrés; Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas; Juan Andrés Martín; Javier Lopez; Estrella Rausell. Influence of anthropometric variables in pediatric gait parameters. Gait & Posture 2013, 38, S58 -S59.

AMA Style

David Gómez-Andrés, Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas, Juan Andrés Martín, Javier Lopez, Estrella Rausell. Influence of anthropometric variables in pediatric gait parameters. Gait & Posture. 2013; 38 ():S58-S59.

Chicago/Turabian Style

David Gómez-Andrés; Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas; Juan Andrés Martín; Javier Lopez; Estrella Rausell. 2013. "Influence of anthropometric variables in pediatric gait parameters." Gait & Posture 38, no. : S58-S59.

Comparative study
Published: 22 November 2005 in Journal of Comparative Neurology
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RC3/neurogranin is a neuron‐specific calpacitin located in the cytoplasm and, especially, in dendrites and dendritic spines of cortical neurons, involved in many aspects of excitatory transmission and long‐term potentiation. We investigated RC3 expression in pyramidal cortical neurons and interneurons of the motor and somatosensory cortex of normal Macaca fascicularis by means of double immunofluorescence and with techniques that combine immunohistochemistry and radioactive in situ hybridization. We show that RC3 is expressed in virtually all pyramidal neurons and spiny stellate neurons of neocortical areas 4, 3b, 1, 2, 5, 7, and SII, but not in the majority of cortical interneurons. RC3 protein and mRNA are tightly colocalized with the α subunit of CaM kinase II and the 200‐kD, nonphosphorylated neurofilament, whereas they are absent from cells expressing the 27‐kD, vitamin D‐dependent calbindin and parvalbumin. In order to investigate possible activity‐dependent regulation of the expression of RC3, we compared these results with those obtained from monkeys subjected to chronic peripheral cutaneous denervation of the first finger. We found that the pattern of distribution of RC3 in motor and somatosensory cortices after nerve cut did not differ from normal. J. Comp. Neurol. 493:554–570, 2005.

ACS Style

Ana Guadaño-Ferraz; Angel Viñuela; Guillermo Oeding; Juan Bernal; Estrella Rausell. RC3/neurogranin is expressed in pyramidal neurons of motor and somatosensory cortex in normal and denervated monkeys. Journal of Comparative Neurology 2005, 493, 554 -570.

AMA Style

Ana Guadaño-Ferraz, Angel Viñuela, Guillermo Oeding, Juan Bernal, Estrella Rausell. RC3/neurogranin is expressed in pyramidal neurons of motor and somatosensory cortex in normal and denervated monkeys. Journal of Comparative Neurology. 2005; 493 (4):554-570.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Guadaño-Ferraz; Angel Viñuela; Guillermo Oeding; Juan Bernal; Estrella Rausell. 2005. "RC3/neurogranin is expressed in pyramidal neurons of motor and somatosensory cortex in normal and denervated monkeys." Journal of Comparative Neurology 493, no. 4: 554-570.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 1999 in The Journal of Neuroscience
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Thyroid hormone is an important epigenetic factor in brain development, acting by modulating rates of gene expression. The active form of thyroid hormone, 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) is produced in part by the thyroid gland but also after 5′-deiodination of thyroxine (T4) in target tissues. In brain, ∼80% of T3 is formed locally from T4 through the activity of the 5′-deiodinase type 2 (D2), an enzyme that is expressed mostly by glial cells, tanycytes in the third ventricle, and astrocytes throughout the brain. D2 activity is an important point of control of thyroid hormone action because it increases in situations of low T4, thus preserving brain T3 concentrations. In this work, we have studied the expression of D2 by quantitative in situ hybridization in hypothyroid animals during postnatal development. Our hypothesis was that those regions that are most dependent on thyroid hormone should present selective increases of D2 as a protection against hypothyroidism. D2 mRNA concentration was increased severalfold over normal levels in relay nuclei and cortical targets of the primary somatosensory and auditory pathways. The results suggest that these pathways are specifically protected against thyroid failure and that T3 has a role in the development of these structures. At the cellular level, expression was observed mainly in glial cells, although some interneurons of the cerebral cortex were also labeled. Therefore, the T3 target cells, mostly neurons, are dependent on local astrocytes for T3 supply.

ACS Style

Ana Guadaño-Ferraz; María José Escámez; Estrella Rausell; Juan Bernal. Expression of Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase in Hypothyroid Rat Brain Indicates an Important Role of Thyroid Hormone in the Development of Specific Primary Sensory Systems. The Journal of Neuroscience 1999, 19, 3430 -3439.

AMA Style

Ana Guadaño-Ferraz, María José Escámez, Estrella Rausell, Juan Bernal. Expression of Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase in Hypothyroid Rat Brain Indicates an Important Role of Thyroid Hormone in the Development of Specific Primary Sensory Systems. The Journal of Neuroscience. 1999; 19 (9):3430-3439.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ana Guadaño-Ferraz; María José Escámez; Estrella Rausell; Juan Bernal. 1999. "Expression of Type 2 Iodothyronine Deiodinase in Hypothyroid Rat Brain Indicates an Important Role of Thyroid Hormone in the Development of Specific Primary Sensory Systems." The Journal of Neuroscience 19, no. 9: 3430-3439.

Journal article
Published: 01 August 1997 in European Journal of Neuroscience
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Lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase is the enzyme responsible for the synthesis of prostaglandin D2, a major prostaglandin in the central nervous system. We analysed the effects of thyroid hormone deprivation on prostaglandin D2 synthase gene expression in the developing rat brain. By in situ hybridization, the strongest prostaglandin D2 synthase mRNA signal was detected in the leptomeninges and choroid plexus. The signal was greatly reduced in the cerebellar interlaminar meninges of hypothyroid rats aged 15 and 25 days. Immunohistochemical studies defined changes in the location of the prostaglandin D2 synthase protein. In control but not in hypothyroid animals, Cajal-Retzius neurons of cortical layer I, and pyramidal cortical plate neurons were intensely stained on postnatal day 5. Conversely, prostaglandin D2 synthase protein levels were higher in neurons of the CA1 and CA3 regions and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus of hypothyroid animals on postnatal days 5, 15 and 25, and also in subplate neurons on postnatal days 15 and 25. In agreement with the in situ hybridization and northern blotting data, the major difference was found in the cerebellar interlaminar meninges of hypothyroid animals, where the protein was clearly down-regulated on postnatal days 15 and 25. These results show that hypothyroidism causes both age- and region-specific alterations in the expression and location of the prostaglandin D2 synthase during postnatal brain development, probably reflecting a cell-specific regulatory effect of thyroid hormone on the prostaglandin D2 synthase.This work was supported by research grants SAF95-0738 from the Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología, Plan Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo of the Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia and 94/0273 from the Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias of the Ministerio de Sanidad of Spain, and from Fundación Ramón Areces.Peer Reviewe

ACS Style

Luis F. García-Fernández; Estrella Rausell; Yoshihiro Urade; Osamu Hayaishi; Juan Bernal; Alberto Munoz. Hypothyroidism Alters the Expression of Prostaglandin D2Synthase/β- Trace in Specific Areas of the Developing Rat Brain. European Journal of Neuroscience 1997, 9, 1566 -1573.

AMA Style

Luis F. García-Fernández, Estrella Rausell, Yoshihiro Urade, Osamu Hayaishi, Juan Bernal, Alberto Munoz. Hypothyroidism Alters the Expression of Prostaglandin D2Synthase/β- Trace in Specific Areas of the Developing Rat Brain. European Journal of Neuroscience. 1997; 9 (8):1566-1573.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis F. García-Fernández; Estrella Rausell; Yoshihiro Urade; Osamu Hayaishi; Juan Bernal; Alberto Munoz. 1997. "Hypothyroidism Alters the Expression of Prostaglandin D2Synthase/β- Trace in Specific Areas of the Developing Rat Brain." European Journal of Neuroscience 9, no. 8: 1566-1573.