Introduction: Due to similarities in their pathophysiology and common psychological background, depressive disorders and obesity often occur simultaneously. The treatment of obesity can reduce the symptoms of comorbid depression and, conversely, treating depression can improve weight reduction outcomes. Purpose of this study: This review aimed to analyze the available literature on the subject of various methods of treating obesity and comorbid depression and to demonstrate the mutual correlation between the therapy of depressive disorders and the therapy of obesity. Method: The Pubmed and Cochrane databases were searched for original articles on the subject of simultaneous depression and obesity that had been published between 2014 and 2024, using the key words “depression”, “depressive symptoms”, “obesity”, and “behavioral therapy”. Results and conclusions: The successful treatment of depression can help in treating obesity, especially in motivating patients to adjust their lifestyle by changing dietary habits and increasing their physical activity, which contribute to both changes in body mass index scores and reductions in depressive symptoms. Changes in self-perception, reduced daily stress, and dietary changes, as well as increased physical activity, contribute to both weight loss and the reduction of depressive symptoms. Depression and obesity should be treated as one two-dimensional disorder to achieve better long-term treatment results.

Introduction: Bariatric surgery is the mainstay of treatment of obesity, with a proven, long-lasting effect on body weight reduction and remission of co-morbidities. Sleep disorders, including insomnia, and deteriorated sleep quality and duration are associated with obesity, and a reduction in body weight can be associated with a reduction in prevalence of sleep disorders. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on the prevalence and intensity of different sleep disturbances. Methods: This observational prospective study included 80 patients qualified for bariatric surgery who filled in a questionnaire with a set of structured questions about different sleep disturbances, such as difficulties in falling asleep, night awakenings, early morning awakenings, snoring, and nightmares, as well as eating at night and daytime dysfunction, supplemented with Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), before and 6 months after bariatric surgery. Results: There was a statistically significant reduction in incidence of night awakenings, with 40.00% of participants reporting night awakenings before surgery and, respectively, 25.00% after surgery. A significant reduction was also observed in the rate of patients who reported snoring, with 60.00% before the surgery and 38.75% after the surgery (p < 0.05). There was a correlation present between estimated weight loss % (EWL%) and reduction in snoring (p < 0.05). The mean total AIS score before surgery was 7.21 and 5.99 after surgery, and the change was statistically significant (p < 0.05). A total AIS score of 8 or more, the cutoff score for insomnia diagnosis according to the Polish validation of the Athens Insomnia Scale, was present in 44.16% of cases before surgery and in 38.00% after surgery (p = 0.52). There was a significant difference in the incidence of awakening during the night score before and after surgery (p < 0.05; CI 0.022–0.341), sleep quality (p < 0.05; CI 0.0105–0.4311), well-being during the day (p < 0.05; CI 0.0273–0.4143), and sleepiness during the day (p < 0.05; CI 0.101–0.444). Conclusions: LSG is observed to have a positive effect on selected sleep disturbances and insomnia remission in patients with obesity, measured by a significant reduction in Athens Insomnia Scale scores in follow-up 6 months after surgery. Additionally, patients after bariatric surgery reported less night awakenings and there was a lower rate of snoring. Therefore, LSG can be considered an effective therapeutic tool for insomnia in patients with obesity.

Background/Objectives: Metabolic bariatric surgery is an effective treatment for severe obesity but is associated with an increased risk of postoperative nutritional deficiencies. This study aimed to assess the impact of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on selected laboratory parameters and excess weight loss after bariatric surgery. Methods: Eighty adults with obesity were evaluated before and 6 months after surgery. Based on dietary questionnaires, patients were classified as adhering to the Mediterranean diet (n = 32) or not adhering (n = 48). Laboratory parameters, including vitamin D, vitamin B12, folic acid, iron, ferritin, calcium, hemoglobin, and total protein, were assessed pre- and postoperatively. Excess weight loss percentage (EWL%) was calculated using standard methodology. Results: Postoperatively, vitamin D and total protein levels increased in both groups, with median increases of 9.45 ng/mL and 1.1 g/dL, respectively. A significant increase in iron concentration was observed only in Mediterranean diet adherents (median +24 µg/dL), while a decrease was noted in non-adherent patients (−4 µg/dL). Iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anemia occurred exclusively in the non-Mediterranean diet group (10.4% vs. 0%). Median EWL% was higher in Mediterranean diet adherents (44% vs. 31%), although the difference was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Adherence to the Mediterranean diet may reduce the risk of iron deficiency after bariatric surgery, whereas total protein concentration alone appears insufficient for assessing nutritional status or weight loss effectiveness.

Introduction and aim of the study: The majority of bariatric procedures are performed in women of reproductive age, which has resulted in a growing number of pregnancies following bariatric surgery. The purpose of the study was to analyze whether obstetricians-gynecologists taking care of pregnancies after bariatric surgery possess sufficient knowledge about it. Materials and method: The study was conducted in the form of a multiple choice, anonymous survey, conducted among 123 certified specialists in obstetrics and gynecology and 37 residents training in obstetrics and gynecology. The questions were related to supplementation of vitamins and micronutrients, the appropriate time interval between bariatric surgery and pregnancy, dietary recommendations, diagnosing gestational diabetes mellitus, and risks for the fetus following bariatric surgery. Results: The majority of participants did not know the correct answers, with only one participant who answered correctly all the questions provided. There was a correlation between giving correct answers to the question about dietary recommendations and the question about risks existing during a pregnancy after bariatric surgery. Only 30% of participants knew how gestational diabetes mellitus should be diagnosed in pregnancies after bariatric surgery. Conclusions: To enhance safety for women and their children, it is of utmost importance to implement additional training and educational programs for obstetricians-gynecologists about optimum care for pregnancies after bariatric surgery.