The importance of cyber-physical systems (CPS) continues to grow today, with AI applications in the CPS design principles that formulate smart cyber-physical systems (S-CPS). These called Extended Cyber-Physical Systems (E-CPS) or Next Generation Cyber-Physical Systems (NG-CPS) are expanding to address more complex problems such as the impact of intellectualization on human roles and the social embedding of heterogeneous systems. The industrial metaverse for smart manufacturing and its novel characteristics require new types of advanced cyber-physical coordinated situational awareness and active defense against cyber-attacks. These new challenges raise the profile of engineering education at the university level, while the addition of new skills requires rigorous preparatory work and the development of tailored requirements for effective knowledge transfer methods that meet the educational needs of the current environment. Students need to be prepared to manage information and influence decision-makers effectively. This article presents a pedagogical approach to teaching CPS as an advanced undergraduate subject by integrating elements of competency and personal development into daily classroom activities. This reflects the circumstances and demands of everyday engineering work, focusing on soft skills such as time management, precision, accuracy, focus, communication, teamwork, and also applying the methods of continuous accountability and reward. The specific tasks and assessment techniques simulate real-life situations in the industry, and R&D activities, where the students became efficient engineers, researchers and later on could fulfil the position of reliable BOSSs. The conclusions are based on individual and group interviews conducted with students in Hungarian and international mechatronics undergraduate programs.

This paper presents the examination of the suspension of a quarter car model from the point of view of observability and controllability. The modeling of an active suspension with full state feedback control and the design of a state observer is planned to be used for real-time processing of the university's self-driven vehicles under development. The validation of the concept is demonstrated also. These types of mechatronics design synergy, merged with advanced engineering pedagogy are essential for professionals with appropriate qualifications from universities to enter the industry.

This paper provides an overview of the performance measurement study conducted on the Budapest International TAR-1 Monopulse Secondary Surveillance Radar (MSSR) antenna. Secondary Surveillance Radar systems performance plays a crucial role in modern air traffic control, ensuring safe and efficient airspace management [1]. The focus of this research is to evaluate and analyze the antenna performance long time operational degradation, reliability, and test of our fault isolation methodology of the TAR-1 MSSR antenna deployed at the Budapest International Airport. The antenna rows fault isolation data collection is based on In Situ circular Near field set up connected to Microwave Holography calculations

Soft skills are an indispensable asset for engineers and industrial companies alike. Many studies have observed a growing gap between the soft skills of young people and those required by industrial companies and, more broadly, the business sector. At the same time, it is challenging to: (i) identify the soft skills currently expected of engineers in various industry segments; (ii) develop such skills intensively in education programmes; and (iii) provide learners with the means to develop their soft skills further. In the context of the current generation entering Engineering Education, our work has attempted to address these issues. Having grown up in a rapidly changing social and technological environment, young people have become increasingly dependent on virtual experiences rather than real-world experiences and personal interactions. We have created a novel Soft Skills Development Method (SSDM) and applied in various advanced engineering courses scheduled at the end of a mechatronics undergraduate programme. The SSDM focuses on personality development by simulating typical situations encountered in engineers’ everyday work. This paper reports on an exploratory case study, in which the SSDM was operationalised and tested. Individual interviews and focus group discussions were conducted, and thematic analysis was employed to evaluate and discuss the outcomes of applying the SSDM. It was concluded that limiting the application to a short period or a few specialised courses has a positive effect; however, it does not enable the desired improvement in soft skills properly. Therefore, we propose expanding the method to cover the entire undergraduate engineering training programme, including introductory courses such as Engineering Mathematics.

An essential characteristic of any radar target is the measure of its ability to reflect energy to the receiving antenna. The parameter used to describe this ability is the radar cross section (RCS) of the target. Stealth techniques and technologies, which affect the efficiency of early warning radar systems currently in operation, are described in ref [1]. The problem is to find countermeasures that fully integrate new requirement capabilities into the current long-range radar net and infrastructure, keeping research & development, and maintenance costs, low. The netcentric approach recently proposed in ref [2] using VHF-based multi-band radar systems is a new concept for Recognized Air Picture production based on long-range radars, which offers a powerful solution for the surveillance of large areas at a reasonable cost. Target RCS behaviour, fluctuations due to aspect angle and frequency are of particular interest in these systems, because the antenna beam positioning of the "VHF", "L" (or "S") and "X" band radars should be synchronised in azimuth and elevation. Targets could change orientation, course and kinematical characteristics during the time required for beam positioning. Advance knowledge and accurate prediction of target RCS is therefore desirable in order to design and develop efficient (robust) discrimination algorithms for the optimisation of target detection, tracking and non-cooperative target recognition. This paper reviews the target RCS aspects in current radar systems of interest, and examines RCS behaviour for use in future multi-band radar system applications.