Indigenous probiotics are widely applied in Penaeus vannamei aquaculture due to their potential to enhance disease resistance and promote growth. However, their biological and environmental safety requires comprehensive evaluation, particularly during the larval stage. This study investigated the effects of shrimp derived Lactobacillus casei HD1 and Bacillus licheniformis WZ1 on larval growth performance, aquatic bacterial communities, potential pathogens, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), by using illumina sequencing and quantitative PCR (qPCR), comparing probiotic-treated and control (CK) groups. Probiotic supplementation significantly improved survival rate, biomass, and individual weight, while reducing concentrations of NH₄⁺-N, NO₃⁻-N, and PO₄³⁻-P in rearing water. Compared to the control, α-diversity of the aquatic microbiota increased significantly, accompanied by elevated relative abundances of Bacteroidota, Bacillota, and Balneolota. The results of qPCR showed that no significant changes in abundance of ARGs and Lactobacillus in taxa were observed, whereas Bacillus was significantly enriched within probiotic-adding, compared to CK group. Notably, structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that probiotics enhanced aquaculture performance through multiple pathways: indirectly by modulating aquatic microbial communities and directly by mitigating waterborne nutrients. These findings support the use of targeted indigenous probiotics as a sustainable strategy to balance productivity with environmental health, reduce reliance on antibiotics, overcome larval survival bottlenecks, and ensure ecological safety. Furthermore, the distinct impacts of different probiotics on microbial structure and host performance highlight the importance of strategic formulation in probiotic combinations for shrimp larval aquaculture.

Temperate estuary wetlands act as natural filters for microbiological contamination and have a profound impact on “One Health.” However, knowledge of microbiological ecology security across the different habitats in temperate estuarine wetlands remains limited. This study employed meta-analysis to explore the characteristics of bacterial communities, potential pathogens, and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) across three heterogeneous habitats (water, soil, and sediment) within the Liaohe Estuary landscape. The diversity and composition of the three bacterial communities differed with biogeography, temperature, and pH, with the highest α-diversity showing a significantly negative correlation along latitude in soil. Furthermore, aminoglycosides were significantly enriched in water and soil, while dihydrofolate was more likely to be enriched in soil. The potential pathogens, Pseudoalteromonas and Planococcus, were dominant in water and sediment, while Stenotrophomonas was the dominant bacterium in soil. The network topology parameter revealed interspecific interactions within the community. PLS-PM highlights the main direct factors affecting the abundance of potential pathogens and the spread of ARGs, while temperature and pH indirectly influence these potential pathogens. This study advances our understanding of bacterial communities in estuarine wetlands, while highlighting the need for effective monitoring to mitigate the risks associated with potential pathogens and ARGs in these ecosystems.

To investigate the toxic and environmental effects of prometryn, a laboratory experiment was performed on coexistent fish and algae. The body weight and length of Carassius carassius, Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) densities and water quality were measured continuously for 92 days. It was observed that fish growth was significantly inhibited by prometryn. This can be partly attributed to the adverse effects of prometryn on the antioxidant system of fish; the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in crucian carp were significantly inhibited by prometryn. The growth of M. aeruginosa was greatly inhibited by prometryn (p < 0.05), and the adverse effects of prometryn on M. aeruginosa indirectly impacted water qualities. The body weight and length of Carassius carassius first increased and then tended to be stable with increasing electrical conductivity (EC) values; their quantified relationship was established based on the Gompertz and Logistic equations (R² = 0.920–0.989). Based on the above results, we concluded that the toxic effects of prometryn can impact the antioxidant system of fish and algae which in turn affects their growth performance, and have an indirect impact on water quality. The application of equations made it realizable to obtain a more detailed interpretation of the processes involved in these biological–abiotic interactions.

Fishery resources are among the most economically valuable assets from aquatic ecosystems, underpinning global food security, nutrition, and livelihoods. However, their sustainable management is increasingly challenged by anthropogenic pressures, including overexploitation, and pollution, which not only deplete stocks, but also compromise the health of human and aquatic organism. In this context, the One Health framework, an integrated approach recognizing the interdependence of human, aquatic organism, and environmental health, provides a critical lens for fisheries governance to ensure long-term resource sustainability. It calls for coordinated surveillance of biological and environmental indicators across trophic levels to anticipate and mitigate risks such as pathogen emergence, biodiversity loss, and fishery resource depletion. Environmental DNA (eDNA) has emerged as a promising exploratory tool in fisheries science and aquatic ecology, offering a non-invasive and system-wide monitoring mean to detect presence and composition of cross-domain organisms (from microbes to aquatic animals) and even inferring relative or absolute abundance. Its ability to simultaneously interrogate multiple components of the aquatic biosphere aligns uniquely with the multisectoral objectives of One Health. As such, eDNA functions not as a standalone solution, but as a synergistic component within integrated assessment frameworks that link ecosystem status, fishery productivity, and public health outcomes. Nonetheless, methodological challenges remain, particularly in designing primers, expanding and curating reference databases, standardizing sampling and bioinformatic protocols, and developing robust quantitative models translating eDNA signals into actionable stock or risk assessments. This review critically examines the applications, limitations, and future trajectories of eDNA technology in fisheries science through the lens of One Health, with emphasis on its potential to inform cross-scale, interdisciplinary strategies for sustainable fishery management.

Intensive shrimp aquaculture systems often suffer from water quality deterioration and disease outbreaks. Biofloc technology is one of the sustainable management strategies for shrimp culture, while the choice of organic carbon source critically influences microbial community dynamics. This study investigated the effects of peanut shells (an abundant agricultural by-product) on the bacterial community in shrimp rearing water in Penaeus vannamei culture systems. Over a 28-day controlled experiment, the peanut shell–amended system exhibited significantly lower ammonia and nitrite concentrations than the control, indicating improved nitrogen removal. Overall bacterial diversity and community structure showed only moderate shifts with no significant change compared with the control, the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes , Flavobacteriaceae , and Saprospiraceae showed increasing trends, but were not statistically significant. Redundancy analysis identified phosphate and nitrate as key environmental factors associated with community succession. Functional prediction showed that peanut shells enhanced pathways related to quorum sensing, secretion systems, and organic matter degradation, while reducing biosynthetic activity. Neutral community modeling further revealed that peanut shells did not notably alter the assembly processes across the whole culture period, and these limited changes were mainly attributed to the selective enrichment of potential beneficial bacteria such as Rhodobacteraceae taxa. These findings indicate that peanut shells exert a gentler perturbation on the microbial ecosystem compared to readily degradable carbon sources like molasses or glucose, which are known to provoke more drastic community reassembly. This work highlights the potential of peanut shells as a sustainable carbon supplement for improving water quality in a sustainable manner in shrimp aquaculture.