Physiological microenvironments present a time-dependent variation during pathogenic or therapeutic processes, which call for life-like biomaterials of dynamic adaptation. However, current prevailed biomaterials maintain a passively responsive mode and lack autonomous and interactive dynamics. Striving for a paradigm of microenvironment interactive and self-regulatory medical agents as next-generation of biomaterials is of desperate need. Herein, we develop a microenvironment-feedback hydrogel as a living dressing biomaterial catering diabetic chronic wounds. This dynamic hydrogel leverages the initial alkaline pH of the wound bed as fuel and employs biocatalytic acid generation as the anti-fuel. By coupling this feedback loop to pH-regulated imine crosslinks, the hydrogel facilitates adaptive sol-gel cycling with programmable glucose oxidase (GOx) release in a Type-I diabetic mouse model. Thus, homeostatic wound pH and blood glucose levels are achieved, favoring accelerated in vivo wound healing and tissue repair.

White adipose tissue is not only a highly heterogeneous organ containing various cells, such as adipocytes, adipose stem and progenitor cells, and immune cells, but also an endocrine organ that is highly important for regulating metabolic and immune homeostasis. In individuals with obesity, dynamic cellular changes in adipose tissue result in phenotypic switching and adipose tissue dysfunction, including pathological expansion, WAT fibrosis, immune cell infiltration, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and ectopic lipid accumulation, ultimately leading to chronic low‐grade inflammation and insulin resistance. Recently, many distinct subpopulations of adipose tissue have been identified, providing new insights into the potential mechanisms of adipose dysfunction in individuals with obesity. Therefore, targeting white adipose tissue as a therapeutic agent for treating obesity and obesity‐related metabolic diseases is of great scientific interest. Here, we provide an overview of white adipose tissue remodeling in individuals with obesity including cellular changes and discuss the underlying regulatory mechanisms of white adipose tissue metabolic dysfunction. Currently, various studies have uncovered promising targets and strategies for obesity treatment. We also outline the potential therapeutic signaling pathways of targeting adipose tissue and summarize existing therapeutic strategies for antiobesity treatment including pharmacological approaches, lifestyle interventions, and novel therapies.

Adipose tissue (AT) serves as an energy-capacitive organ and performs functions involving paracrine- and endocrine-mediated regulation via extracellular vesicles (EVs) secretion. Exosomes, a subtype of EVs, contain various bioactive molecules with regulatory effects, such as nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. AT-derived exosomes (AT-exos) include exosomes derived from various cells in AT, including adipocytes, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), macrophages, and endothelial cells. This review aimed to comprehensively evaluate the impacts of different AT-exos on the regulation of physiological and pathological processes. The contents and functions of adipocyte-derived exosomes and ADSC-derived exosomes are compared simultaneously, highlighting their similarities and differences. The contents of AT-exos have been shown to exert complex regulatory effects on local inflammation, tumor dynamics, and insulin resistance. Significantly, differences in the cargoes of AT-exos have been observed among diabetes patients, obese individuals, and healthy individuals. These differences could be used to predict the development of diabetes mellitus and as therapeutic targets for improving insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. However, further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and potential applications of AT-exos.

UVR-related skin damage is common in daily life. Excessive sunlight exposure, particularly in response to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation, can have adverse effects on the skin and can even induce photosensitive skin diseases and skin malignancies. UVB exposure leads to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the skin, resulting in cell damage and inflammation. Furthermore, it directly inhibits the synthesis of collagen in skin fibroblasts, contributing to collagen degradation and subsequently causing skin aging, wrinkles, and erythema. To address this issue, our study introduces a biomaterial-based treatment plan for repairing UVB-induced photodamaged skin. We designed a sodium hyaluronate microneedle patch containing a hardystonite bioceramic (ZnCS/MN) with anti-ROS/inflammation/collagen degradation functions to deliver bioactive Zn ²⁺ and SiO ₃ ²⁻ ions in situ to photodamaged skin areas. In addition, the cytological mechanism of ZnCS action was explored to explore the possibilities of its application in more areas. This study reveals the therapeutic potential of ZnCS for a variety of negative effects caused by photodamage. Owing to its advantages in preparation, storage, and transportation, ZnCS/MN has shown promise for clinical application in treating photodamaging.

Background: The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of adipose tissue has now been widely used in plastic surgeries, clinical trials and therapies. However, the cell composition of SVF undergoes dynamic changes during aging and obesity, which may influence the efficacy of the SVF. This study analyzed the effects of age, harvest site and body mass index on the cell composition of the SVF. Methods: A study was performed on 162 patients. The age ranged from 13 to 88 years old, with body mass index (BMI) <25kg/m² or ≥ 25kg/m². Fat tissue was harvested from the abdominal region, hips, thighs or arms, and the SVF was isolated for flow cytometry. Results: Our results demonstrated that the declines of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) first occurred in donors aged 40-49 years old. Subsequently, the percentages of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), preadipocytes, and M2 macrophages started to decrease in donors aged 50-69 years old. Lower percentages of ECs and M2 macrophages were found in donors with higher BMI. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that the percentages of ADSCs and ECs of SVF, decreased significantly starting from donors over age 40, followed by changes in other cell subpopulations. Furthermore, donors with BMI ≥ 25kg/m² had lower percentages of ECs and M2 macrophages.