Cancer has rapidly emerged as a leading global cause of premature mortality, with significant economic implications projected to reach USD 25.2 trillion from 2020 to 2050. Among the various types of cancer, primary bone cancers, though uncommon, are projected to see nearly 4000 new cases diagnosed in the United States in 2024. The complexity of treating bone cancer arises from its rarity, diversity, and the challenges associated with surgical interventions, metastatic spread, and post-operative complications. Advancements in bone tissue engineering (BTE) have introduced innovative therapeutic approaches to promote bone regeneration and address tumor recurrence. This interdisciplinary field integrates biomaterials, scaffolds, and gene therapy, utilizing technologies such as 3D bioprinting to create custom scaffolds that facilitate cellular activities essential for tissue regeneration. Recent developments in biodegradable, bioactive materials aim to enhance the biocompatibility and effectiveness of scaffolds, while nanotechnology presents promising avenues for targeted drug delivery and improved therapeutic outcomes. This review outlines the current landscape of BTE, highlighting scaffold fabrication techniques, the advantages of incorporating stem cell and gene therapies, and future directions, including the integration of artificial intelligence in scaffold design for personalized medicine in orthopedic oncology. This work underscores the necessity for ongoing research and innovation, aiming to improve therapeutic strategies specifically designed to address the unique challenges posed by bone sarcomas and metastatic cancers.

In recent years, bioengineered and biotechnological products have gained tremendous attention to identify unique biologic features associated with oncology. To overwhelm the complexity of tumor personalized medicines (PM) or vaccines could be a promising way-out to be considered. Cancer is a heterogeneous disease. This characteristic variability of cancer provides itself to the emergent era of PM i.e., precision oncology. The prime objective of PM is merely to deliver the right treatment to the right patient at the right time. For instance, imatinib was effectively targeted chronic myeloid leukemia. To date, attainment in using PM approaches to cancer treatment have been mixed. The next-generation sequencing (NGS), and the use of several biomarkers (e.g., HER2, BRAF, ALK, etc.), to drive precise cancer treatment through a timely and cost-effective manner. In current review, author summarizes the advancement in the field of PM such as CRISPR-Cas9, NGS, pharmacogenomics, and the benefits of machine learning techniques. The precise communication between healthcare professionals, regulatory bodies, and patients is essential to translate advances in PM into immense benefits for patients with cancer globally.

Acalypha hispida is classified within the taxonomic family Euphorbiaceae. It is a tropical shrub and an annual plant that is colloquially referred to as the chenille plant or Red hot cat tail. The species under consideration is indigenous to the southern Pacific region, specifically the Malay Archipelago and many islands within the East Indies. The plant is frequently used as a decorative element in outdoor and indoor settings. Historically, the leaves have been recognized for their laxative and diuretic properties and employed in the therapeutic management of leprosy and gonorrhea. Various plant components are additionally employed in treating infectious diarrhea respiratory ailments and as an expectorant for asthma. A. hispida has been documented to possess many pharmacological properties, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, antimicrobial, antifungal, trypanocidal, and cytotoxic effects. The analysis of A. hispida provides a comprehensive overview of its pharmacological properties, chemical composition, biological effects, and toxicological investigation. This review presents a comprehensive overview of the research conducted on the plant, aiming to provide current and relevant information for future investigations.

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive brain disease that gradually reduces a person’s ability to think clearly, remember things, and even carry out simple cognitive tasks. It is the most common cause of dementia among the elderly. Although the exact cause is still unknown, genetic factors account for 5 to 10% of instances having a family origin. The damage leads to significant degeneration of the afflicted areas, resulting in memory loss, impaired capacity to acquire new knowledge, fluctuations in mood, difficulties in cognitive functioning, and an inability to do basic everyday tasks. However, it is still commonly acknowledged as the primary reason of dementia worldwide. The two chief pathological landscapes of AD are the build-up of substances outside the cells and the formation of twisted fibers within the cells, known as neurofibrillary tangles. Accumulation of Aβ amyloid (Aβ) initiates neurodegeneration, leading to the development of clinical dementia, which is a defining feature of AD.

Peptic ulcers are defined as the presence of destructions on the mucosa of the gastrointestinal system, which might extend to the muscular layer. Their origin is complex and arises when there is a disruption in the equilibrium between the elements that cause harm and those that protect the mucosa. Peptic ulcers are a significant international health issue, impacting millions of individuals and exhibitingelevated recurrence rates. The enormous range of structural diversity and unique biological activity exhibited by natural products has significantly contributed to the creation and discovery of novel medications. An exhaustive analysis on the investigation of phytomolecules in the management of gastricabscess might offer important considerate of the existing data regarding the utilization of these compounds. This review may analyze and combine the results of several research to discover potential of phytomolecules, explain how they work, and evaluate their safety and effectiveness. This data can contribute to the advancement of efficacious and secure therapeutic alternatives for peptic ulcer. By advocating for the utilization of natural therapies and plant-based medications, the aim is to enhance the health results of individuals suffering from peptic ulcer.