Salmonella is the most important causes of foodborne illness especially from poultry and poultry products. So the aim of this study was to carryout phenotypic characterization, antimicrobials susceptibility pattern and risk factors of Salmonella isolates from farms and markets eggs, cloacae swabs of chickens and stool of egg collectors. A cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2018 to September 2018. Samples were, processed; Salmonella was isolated, phenotypically identified by OmniLog and antimicrobials susceptibility were carried out. Over all; 11 (2.65%) of Salmonella enterica were phenotypically characterized out of 415 samples from farms egg content (n = 83), farms eggshell (n = 83), cloacae (n = 83), market eggshell (n = 83) and market egg contents (n = 83) with 2.4%, 0%, 2.4%, 4.8% and 3.6% prevalence, respectively. Out of isolates, 8 (72.72%) displayed multidrug resistance. All isolates showed susceptibility to Gentamicin, Kanamycin and Streptomycin. Lack of separating cracked eggs, washing hand, eggs stay longer unsold, and mixing excreta with feed were associated risk factors for Salmonella presence (P-value < 0.05). The presence of drug resistant Salmonella enterica within egg/and chicken can pose serious health problem. Good hygienic practices are important to reduce risk factors of Salmonella contamination.

Antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus poses a significant global health threat. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance patterns of S. aureus isolated from various animal food sources in the Jimma zone of Ethiopia. Samples were collected during a cross-sectional study conducted between 2022 and 2023, encompassing milk, beef, eggs, and cheese.Samples were collected from foods of animal origin, including milk, beef, eggs, and cheese. The food samples were processed and cultured on selective media. The isolated organisms were identified by biochemical tests and subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Out of a total of 480 animal foods analyzed, the overall prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus was recorded in 41 (8.54%). Among the 96 samples from each source, the highest prevalence was found in beef and milk (12.5% each), followed by eggshells (9.4%), cheese (6.3%), and egg-content samples (2.1%). Kanamycin and tetracycline exhibited the highest resistance rates among the isolates, with 39.0% and 36.6% resistance, respectively. The least antibiotic resistance was observed against cefoxitin (7.3%). Ciprofloxacin, trimethoprim and ceftaroline showed resistance in 14.6% of the isolates. Resistance to imipenem was not detected in this study isolates. Nearly a quarter (24.4%) of the 41 Staphylococcus aureus isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance, highlighting the significant prevalence of this concerning trait. In particular, milk samples had the highest number of multidrug-resistant isolates. This study highlights the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in different food samples of animal origin and reveals the level of antimicrobial resistance. These findings emphasize the importance of food safety measures, responsible use of antibiotics, and continuous monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in animal feed.

Objectives Food borne diseases are one of the main important issues in the world. Escherichia coli are considered as the most prevalent food borne pathogen. A cross sectional study was conducted from January 6- 2018 to September 10-2019 on cloacae swab; farm and market’s egg at Jimma town to isolate, identify and determine antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. Result Out of 415 total samples, 156 (37.59%) were identified as E. coli from farm eggshell 21/83 (25.30%), farm egg content 12/83 (14.46%), cloacae swab 42/83 (50.60%) and market egg shell 45/83 (54.23%). In the current study antimicrobial susceptibility test of E. coli isolates from different sample types revealed varying degree of susceptibility to antimicrobial. Isolated E. coli was highly susceptible to Ciprofloxacin (100%), Gentamicine (100%), Streptomycin ( 96.4% ) , sulfonamides (94%), Kanamycin (91%), Chloramphenicol ( 89.5% ) , tetraccine (78.9%) , Trimethoprim (75%) these are considered appropriate for empirical treatment of E. coli in the study area. Moreover, resistance of isolates with 100%, 75% 50%, 25%, 1.6% and 0.5% was developed to ampicillin, neomycin, cefoxitin oxytetracycline , Streptomycin and tetraccine respectively. The presence of E.coli within egg/and chicken can pose serious public health problems. The appropriate hygienic practices of eggs at both farms and markets should be under taken.

Background Staphylococcal infection is one of the most prevalent foodborne diseases worldwide. Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, poses a significant problem for food safety. Therefore, the aim of this study was to phenotypically characterize Staphylococcus aureus and assess its antimicrobial resistance from various animal food sources. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Jimma zone district towns from 2022 to 2023. Samples of animal-origin foods, including milk, beef meat, poultry eggs, and cheese, were collected. These samples were processed, cultured on selective media, and identified using biochemical tests. Antimicrobial testing was performed on the isolated strains. Results Out of a total of 480 samples of animal-origin food analyzed, the overall prevalence rate (8.54%) of Staphylococcus aureus was recorded. Among these Staphylococcus aureus, 12 (12.5%) were obtained from beef meat, 12 (12.5%) from milk, 6 (6.3%) from cheese, 9 (9.4%) from eggshells and 2 (2.1%) from egg content. The mean prevalence rates of Staphylococcus aureus in each sample were found to be statistically different, except for beef meat and milk samples. Regarding antimicrobial resistance, 39.0% of the isolates exhibited resistance to Kanamycin, followed by Tetracycline observed in 36.6% of the isolates. The lowest occurrence of antibiotic resistance was observed against Cefoxitin (7.3%). Additionally, Ciprofloxacin, Trimethoprim, and Ceftaroline collectively displayed resistance in 14.6% of the isolates. No resistance was observed against Imipenem. Out of the 41 Staphylococcus aureus isolates, 10 (24.4%) showed multidrug resistance. Notably, milk samples had the highest number of multidrug-resistant isolates. Conclusion The study highlights the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in various animal-origin food samples and reveals concerning levels of antimicrobial resistance among the isolates. These findings emphasize the importance of food safety measures, responsible antibiotic use, and continued surveillance of antimicrobial resistance in animal food sources to protect public health.

Bovine mastitis, a highly prevalent infectious disease worldwide, frequently involves Staphylococcus aureus as a key etiological agent. This cross‐sectional study was conducted from December 2023 to May 2024 in dairy cattle in and around Gimbichu Town, aimed to isolate and identify S. aureus from mastitis lactating cows, identify associated risk factors, and determine antibiogram profiles. Milk samples were collected from 384 cows via simple random sampling. Udder/milk examination and the California mastitis test, respectively, diagnosed clinical and subclinical mastitis. The overall mastitis prevalence was 39.06% (6% clinical and 33.06% subclinical). Multivariable analysis identified parity, lactation stage, udder injuries, age, breed, and housing hygiene as significantly associated with mastitis ( p < 0.05). S. aureus was isolated from 42% of mastitis milk, with higher isolation rates in subclinical cases ( p < 0.01). Antibiogram analysis revealed high resistance to penicillin G, amoxicillin, and tetracycline, with 22.22% of isolates demonstrating resistance to multiple antibiotics across two antimicrobial classes. These findings highlight the significant impact of S. aureus mastitis on dairy production in the study area and emphasize the need for targeted prevention and control strategies, including routine antimicrobial susceptibility testing to mitigate the emergence of drug resistance.