Background and Aim: Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has shown benefits as an alternative treatment of feline chronic gingivostomatitis by reducing pain and inflammation within the oral cavity. Extraoral application technique in cats provides more comfort compared to intraoral application. However, the efficacy of LLLT through buccal tissue is still controversial. This study aimed to investigate the penetration efficacy of LLLT using 830 nm continuous waves with various settings and different application techniques. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four healthy cats were included in this study. The wavelength of LLLT was 830 nm with an output power of 200 mW through extraoral application, using fluences of 2 and 6 J/cm2 in continuous-wave mode. This study compared different distances (contact and non-contact) and three different transmission media (absent media, alcohol, and normal saline solution). Measurement of the laser power within the oral cavity is represented as the mean output power (MOP). Results: Penetration efficacy was detectable for all fluences, distances, and transmission media, with an average buccal thickness of 2.68 mm. MOP did not differ between fluences of 2 and 6 J/cm2 (p = 0.19). In the absence of media, MOP was significantly higher compared with alcohol (p < 0.05) but was not significantly different from normal saline solution (p = 0.26). Conclusion: Extraoral application of LLLT demonstrated penetration efficacy through the buccal tissue with both contact and non-contact skin (<10 mm). This is a potential alternative treatment for oral diseases in clinical practice. However, there is a need for further study on the efficacy of treatment in clinical practice. Keywords: chronic gingivitis, near-infrared light, penetration, photobiomodulation, transmission.

This study investigates the susceptibility of common pathogens to totarol and assesses its clinical effectiveness in promoting wound healing in client-owned dogs with open wounds. Twenty-three client-owned dogs with open wounds were divided into two groups: (1) the treatment group (T-group) and (2) the control group (C-group). Clinical samples were collected from the wounds for the bacterial identification and determination of the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of totarol. In the T-group, wounds were treated with standard wound care together with the application at a dosage of 0.3 mL (two sprays) of commercial totarol product per 25 cm² of the wound area. The C-group received only standard wound care. This in vitro study found that totarol exhibited antimicrobial activity against both standard pathogens and clinical wound pathogens. The MIC values of totarol dissolved in absolute ethyl alcohol were 4 µg/mL for Gram-positive pathogens and ranged from 256 to 512 µg/mL for Gram-negative pathogens. However, the MIC values of the commercial totarol product ranged from 512 to 1024 for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogens. Clinically, the use of a commercial totarol product as an adjunctive therapy significantly improved wound healing, as indicated by a greater percentage of wound area reduction (p < 0.05). From day 2 to day 7 of the treatment, the percentage of wound area reduction differed significantly between the T-group and the C-group. At the end of the study, the average percentage of wound area reduction was 69.18% ± 18.12 and 41.50% ± 20.23 in the T-group and C-group, respectively. The finding of this study illustrates the antimicrobial properties of totarol and its product against prevalent wound pathogens. These results suggest the potential of totarol as an adjunctive option for canine wound care.

Cranial cruciate ligament rupture (CrCLR) is a common orthopaedic condition in dogs, with tibial plateau angle (TPA) considered a potential predisposing factor. This study compared TPA, age and signalment between CrCLR and intact cranial cruciate ligament dogs in small- and large-breed groups.Medical records from 171 client-owned dogs (222 tibiae) diagnosed at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Khon Kaen University, between February 2020 and December 2024, were analysed.Dogs in the CrCLR group (132 dogs) had a significantly higher TPA (25.28 ± 4.65 degrees) than those in the intact cranial cruciate ligament group (21.49 ± 4.15 degrees, p < 0.001). Among CrCLR dogs, small-breed dogs exhibited a higher TPA (26.04 ± 4.74 degrees) compared with large-breed dogs (24.25 ± 4.33 degrees, p < 0.05). Receiver operating characteristic analysis indicated a moderate predictive value of TPA in diagnosing CrCLR, with higher accuracy in small-breed dogs (area under the curve: 0.76, optimal cut-point: 21.65 degrees) compared with large-breed dogs (area under the curve: 0.66, optimal cut-point: 23.95 degrees).Although TPA was higher in CrCLR dogs, it is not an individual determinant of the condition. Further research is required to explore additional contributing factors and enhance predictive models.