Free-form surfaces have good aberration correction capability and balance capability for nonrotationally symmetric imaging systems. In this study, we analyzed the quantitative relationship between X–Y polynomial combination and aberration for the efficient design of X–Y free-form optical systems. The purpose of this study was to provide an exhaustive design method for off-axis triple inverse optical systems with X–Y free-form surfaces. Finally, we designed a free-form off-axis optical system with a large field of view (FOV) and low distortion based on the off-axis triple inverse optical system without an intermediate image plane. The primary mirror (PM) of the system adopted an X–Y polynomial free-form surface to correct the aberration of different FOVs of the system and improve the image width and quality. The optical system had a focal length of 1000 mm, an F-value of 9.5, an FOV angle of 23° × 1°, a maximum distortion grid in the FOV less than or equal to −0.05%, and a full-field average wave aberration better than 0.055 λ (λ/18.2, λ = 632.8 nm). The analysis of the design results showed that the system had high-quality imaging and a compact structure. This design method can provide a technical reference for the study of such free-form off-axis systems.

In laser tracking systems, capturing moving targets is a prerequisite to guaranteeing a tracking system’s performance. Previous studies have confirmed that the capture probability of hexagonal spiral scanning is higher than that for other scanning methods, but there is still room for improvement. This article proposes an improved hexagonal honeycomb scanning capture method based on hexagonal spiral scanning for a prior moving target model with a Gaussian distribution positioned within the scanning range of the visual threshold. Through experimental verification, it was found that, within the same scanning field of view, the capture probability can be increased by 3% compared to that in traditional hexagonal spiral scanning, making the capture probability greater than 98%. The improved hexagonal honeycomb structure scanning method proposed in this article provides a new solution for target acquisition problems in fields such as laser communication, laser docking, and airborne radar.

Intelligent manufacturing plays an increasingly important role in improving production efficiency, reducing costs, and improving product quality, and contributes to the sustainable development of the global manufacturing industry. In this paper, a control scheme of dual-arm robot cooperative compliant assembly is designed, which can be applied to industrial intelligent production lines. Taking the thread assembly process as the research object, the task model of the assembly is built. Specifically, the threaded assembly is abstracted into three processes. Aiming at the difficulties that need to be paid attention to in different assembly processes, combined with the force sensor, a phased controller is designed, and its feasibility is verified by simulation. The feasibility of the method is verified by simulation and experiment. In the case of force tracking accuracy of 0.1 N and expected force of 4 N, the experiment successfully assembled a 5 mm thread connector in about 48.54 s, and the force overshoot reached about 9 N.

To reduce high 1× vibration during staged speed-up of a Turbine Power Simulator (TPS) rotor, a staged incremental on-site balancing method based on a Genetic Algorithm–Salp Swarm Algorithm (GA–SSA) is proposed. SSA is a swarm-intelligence optimizer inspired by salps, gelatinous marine organisms that move collectively in chains. A one-dimensional Timoshenko-beam rotor model with lumped disks and equivalent bearing supports is established and validated using a three-dimensional ANSYS model. From meshes M3 to M4, the equivalent speed associated with the first lateral natural frequency changes by 0.23%. The first three critical-speed errors are 6.75–8.80%, while baseline 1× vibration-amplitude errors remain below 10% and phase errors below 7.1%. Speed-specific influence coefficients are then extracted to formulate a staged incremental balancing model based on the current measured vibration and cumulative correction state. In GA–SSA, the final GA population initializes SSA, and the historical GA best is used as the initial Food. Under equal function-evaluation budgets and 30 paired runs, GA–SSA shows search performance comparable to GA and improves the stability of standalone SSA. On-site tests at 10,358, 25,558, and 38,333 rpm reduce 1× vibration at both rotor ends by 79.0–86.4%, confirming the method’s engineering applicability.