Introduction The primary concern for women who have experienced peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is the safety of a subsequent pregnancy (SSP). To maximie decision-making, facilitate effective patient counselling, and ultimately improve maternal and fetal outcomes as a whole, it is critical to comprehend the outcomes of SSP in women who have previously experienced PPCM. This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of SSP in women with PPCM. Methods Three databases (PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect) were used to identify relevant studies prior to 17 October 2023. A total of 662 studies were reviewed. Following the abstract and full-text screenings, 18 observational studies were included, out of which 2 were deemed suitable for inclusion in this meta-analysis. The quality assessment was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results This study has a total of 487 SSPs. Although recovered left ventricular (LV) function before entering SSP has the potential to be a beneficial prognostic factor, recovered LV function still has a substantial risk of relapse. The mortality rate of PPCM in an SSP ranged from 0% to 55.5%. Persistent LV dysfunction was significantly associated with an increased mortality rate (OR 13.17; 95% CI 1.54 to 112.28; p=0.02) and lower LV ejection fraction (MD −12.88; 95% CI −21.67 to −4.09; p=0.004). Diastolic and right ventricular functions remained unchanged before SSP and at follow-up. The majority of the SSP was observed alongside hypertension, while pre-eclampsia emerged as the predominant hypertensive complication in most studies. Conclusion SSP increases the risk of relapse and mortality in women with a previous history of PPCM. Persistent LV dysfunction prior to the SSP has a higher mortality risk compared with recovered LV function. SSP was also associated with the worsening of LV echocardiography parameters.

Background/Objectives: Hand grip strength (HGS) is a crucial measure for evaluating muscle function and general physical ability, and it may be associated with several diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated inconsistent associations between anthropometric measurement and body composition with HGS. This study aims to investigate the association between anthropometric measurement and body composition with HGS in the elderly population residing in Indonesia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on older adults aged between 60 and 82 years who live in the community. Anthropometric parameters assessed in this study comprised the body mass index (BMI), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), calf circumference (CC), and waist circumference (WC). Subsequently, body composition measurements, including fat mass (FM), fat-free mass (FFM), muscle mass (MM), skeletal muscle mass (SMM), and the appendicular skeletal mass index (ASMI), were assessed using a body composition analyzer. Last, the measurement of HGS was conducted using a hand dynamometer. Results: A total of 109 participants were involved in this study. Our study demonstrates a significant association between anthropometric parameters, namely CC and HGS. Subsequently, several body composition parameters, including FFM, SMM, ASMI, and MM in the four extremities, are also significantly associated with HGS. However, in a multivariate analysis, only CC and FFM were able to significantly predict HGS. Conclusions: Improving CC and maintaining FFM may enhance muscle strength in older adults. This suggests that targeted exercise and nutrition programs could increase muscle mass and strength, thereby mitigating age-related decline and improving quality of life.

To perform a bibliometric analysis as a comprehensive review of publications associated with catamenial epilepsy and discuss the current state of knowledge in the field. Publications published between 1956 and 2022 were retrieved from the Scopus database. Bibliometric analysis was performed using the R package and VOSviewer to show the data and network of journals, organizations, authors, countries, and keywords. The analysis conducted on October 15, 2022, yielded a total of 320 refinement studies. The number of publications has escalated significantly, particularly in the last 20 years. Catamenial epilepsy-related publications originated mostly from medicine and other subject areas, with the United States having the largest publication output. Collaboration is low at the author, organizational, and national levels, especially in the Asian continent. Publications remain scarce, particularly on practice guidelines, risk assessment, and medication-related research. Based on a keyword analysis, a bibliometric analysis identified possible themes for future investigation. Catamenial epilepsy-related literature is crucial but still insufficient, and further studies are required.

Background Eccentric exercise may trigger mechanical stress, resulting in muscle damage that may decrease athletic performance. L-citrulline potentially prevents skeletal muscle damage after acute eccentric exercise. This study aimed to assess the dose-response effect of L-citrulline as a preventive therapy for skeletal muscle damage in mice after acute eccentric exercise. Methods This is a controlled laboratory in vivo study with a post-test-only design. Male mice (BALB/c, n = 25) were randomized into the following groups: a normal control (C1) (n = 5); a negative control (C2) with downhill running and placebo intervention (n = 5); treatment groups: T1 (n = 5), T2 (n = 5), and T3 (n = 5), were subjected to downhill running and 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg of L-citrulline, respectively, for seven days. Blood plasma was used to determine the levels of TNNI2 and gastrocnemius muscle tissue NOX2, IL-6, and caspase 3 using ELISA. NF-κB and HSP-70 expressions were determined by immunohistochemistry. Results Skeletal muscle damage (plasma TNNI2 levels) in mice after eccentric exercise was lower after 250 and 500 mg/kg of L-citrulline. Further, changes in oxidative stress markers, NOX2, were reduced after a 1,000 mg/kg dose. However, a lower level of change has been observed in levels of cellular response markers (NF-κB, HSP-70, IL-6, and caspase 3) after administration of L-citrulline doses of 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg. Conclusion L-citrulline may prevent skeletal muscle damage in mice after acute eccentric exercise through antioxidant effects as well as inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. In relation to dose-related effects, it was found that L-citrulline doses of 250, 500, and 1,000 mg/kg significantly influenced the expression of NF-κB and HSP-70, as well as the levels of IL-6 and caspase 3. Meanwhile, only doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg had an impact on TNNI2 levels, and the 1,000 mg/kg dose affected NOX2 levels.

Background: The platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) has emerged as a prognostic predictive marker in various diseases, but its role in traumatic brain injury (TBI) has not been fully elucidated. This study aims to evaluate the role of PLR as a prognostic predictive marker in adults with TBI. Methods: This systematic review was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items in the Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Guidelines 2020. A comprehensive search was performed using PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Crossref, OpenAlex, Semantic Scholar, Library of Congress, and Jisc Library Hub Discover database to identify relevant studies published up to February 2023. Both prospective and retrospective observational studies written in English or Indonesian were included in the study. No restrictions were placed on the year and country of publication and duration of follow-up. Study quality was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS), and the risk of bias was estimated using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Assessment Tool for Nonrandomized Research (Ro-BANS) tool. A narrative synthesis was also conducted to summarize the findings. Results: We retrieved 1644 references using the search strategy, and 1623 references were excluded based on screening the title and The full text was retrieved for 20 articles and subjected to the eligibility criteria, of which 16 were excluded from the study. Four papers with a total of 1.467 sample sizes were included in the review. The median of NOS for study quality was 8–9, with the risk of selection bias using the Ro-BANS tool being low in all studies except for the blinding outcome assessments, which are all unclear. The study finding suggests that the PLR has the potential as an independent prognostic predictive marker in adult patients with TBI. In three studies, a high level of admission PLR may independently predict an increasing mortality risk in 30 days and adverse outcomes measured by the Glasgow outcome scale in 6 months following TBI. However, one study shows that PLR may have limited value as a predictor of mortality or favorable neurological outcomes compared to other hematological parameters. Further studies were needed to establish the clinical utility of PLR and fill the present gaps. Conclusion: This systematic review provides evidence supporting the utilization of PLR as a prognostic predictive marker in adult patients with TBI. The PLR can mainly be utilized, especially in rural practice, as PLR is a simple, low-cost, and routinely performed hematological examination.

Purpose: Previous studies have suggested that milk consumption can promote growth in children. However, limited studies have been performed on the effects of cow milk varieties, especially β-casein A2 milk. This study aims to investigate the effect of β-casein A2 cow milk supplementation on physical growth, inflammation, and growth-related hormone and nutritional biomarker profiles in growth-stunted children.Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with only one group and a pre-and posttest design. This research is divided into 3 stages: allele testing in the β-casein gene, processing into ready-to-drink milk, and a clinical trial. The participants were children aged 12–36 months who were given 200-mL β-casein A2 cow milk supplementation once a day for 3 months. The outcome assessments were physical growth (body weight and height), inflammation (tumor necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α] and cortisol levels), and biological markers related to growth and nutrition (insulin-like growth factor-1 [IGF-1], growth hormone [GH], and transferrin) that were measured during pre-, mid (week 6)-, and post (week 12)-intervention periods.Results: This study included 30 study participants. Significant body weight and height improvements were observed at week 6 and postintervention (week 12) compared to preintervention. There were significant reductions in the inflammation markers TNF-α and cortisol levels postintervention. Additionally, IGF-1 and GH levels increased significantly, and transferrin levels also rose, potentially reflecting improved nutritional status.Conclusion: This study suggests that β-casein A2 milk supplementation was associated with improvements in physical growth and related biomarkers in stunted children. Additionally, β-casein A2 milk may produce fewer BCM-7 metabolites compared to β-casein A1 milk, which has been hypothesized to be associated with certain adverse health outcomes. However, further controlled studies are needed to confirm its efficacy as a dietary intervention.