Pink teeth in post mortem condition still become a controversion due to identification process of human body. Pink teeth could happen not only in post mortem condition, but can also found in human alive. Pink teeth is the coloring of the tooth part to pink without involving the structure of the email. Pink teeth in post mortem conditions have varying degrees of agility ranging from pink to dark red. Postmortem pink teeth are rarely found in conditions of death less than 4 weeks so that post mortem pink teeth condition usually perform on the body from exhumation process. Postmortem pink teeth can occur after physical trauma, accident, poisoning barbiturates and carbon monoxide, asphyxia, systemic disease, a result of external staining due to the decomposition process, and idiopathic. Those etiology lead damage to erythrocyte wall including hemoglobin and its derivative products such as porphyrins and hemosiderin that enter tubulus dentinalis. The pink colorization occure mostly in area of cemento enamel junction. From this a literature review, authors try to analyze pathology of post mortem pink teeth condition and its correlation with postmortem interval (time of death) and cause of death.

Recently, there has been a growing interest in using DNA methylation analysis for age estimation. Despite this growing interest, there is a scarcity of research on the potential of DNA methylation as a biomarker for age estimation in Indonesia. This study aims to investigate the applicability of ELOVL2, PRKG2, and EDARADD genes for forensic identification in the 11–20 age group among Indonesians. This research utilizes 43 archived blood samples from healthy individuals who underwent blood tests at the Gatot Soebroto Army Hospital (RSPAD) in Central Jakarta, Indonesia. The methylation-specific PCR (MSP) technique assessed the DNA methylation level. The key findings of this study include (1) a strong positive correlation between methylation levels in the ELOVL2 gene and age; (2) a strong negative correlation between methylation levels in PRKG2 and EDARADD genes with age; (3) the development of three linear regression formulas for age prediction; and (4) mean absolute error (MAE) values derived from this research, which are ±0.48 for ELOVL2 gene regression formula, ±0.58 for PRKG2 gene regression formula, and ±0.72 for EDARADD gene regression formula. In summary, this study explores the potential of DNA methylation analysis for age estimation in Indonesia, focusing on ELOVL2, PRKG2, and EDARADD genes in the 11–20 age group. The findings underscore the applicability of DNA methylation analysis in forensic identification and age estimation, paving the way for future research in this field.

Pendahuluan : Kitosan (poly-β-1,4-glucosamine) merupakan suatu biomaterial derivate kitin yang masih terus dikembangkan hingga saat ini, karena terbukti tidak toksik, biocompatibel, dan biodegrability dibandingkan dengan polimer lainnya, sehingga kitosan sangat berguna dalam bidang biomedis. Limbah laut yang cukup besar di Indonesia dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber kitin, sehingga kitosan menjadi polimer paling berlimpah kedua yang ditemukan di alam setelah selulosa. Kitosan juga memiliki sifat osteokonduktivitas tinggi yang baik untuk meningkatkan regenerasi tulang. Penelitian tentang efektivitas penggunaan biomaterial kitosan dalam menunjang proses penyembuhan luka di bidang kedokteran gigi telah banyak dilakukan dan dilaporkan. Tujuan : Literature review ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pemanfaatan biomaterial kitosan dalam bidang bedah mulut. Pembahasan : Telah banyak penelitian yang dilaporkan bahwa kitosan dapat menjadi akselerator atau dapat mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka dengan cara meningkatkan sel-sel inflamasi seperti makrofag, sel leukosit polimorfonuklear (PMN), osteoblas, dan fibroblas. Pada penelitian yang menggunakan hidrogel kitosan disebutkan bahwa aplikasi hidrogel kitosan dapat mengurangi rasa nyeri, kemerahan, pembengkakan, serta perdarahan yang signifikan pada pasien pasca pembedahan gigi molar ketiga. Pada tahun 2018 juga dilakukan penelitian yang menyebutkan bahwa kitosan yang dikombinasikan dengan spirulina dapat meningkatkan angiogenesis secara efektif pada soket tikus wistar dalam kondisi non diabetes maupun diabetes terkontrol. Simpulan : Kitosan dapat mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka dan dapat ditoleransi dengan baik oleh fibroblas gingiva disertai respon sinergis dari faktor pertumbuhan seperti platelet derivate growth factor (PDGF) yang memainkan peranan penting dalam proses angiogenesis dan menstimulasi proliferasi sel fibroblas

Objective: To determine whether anterior and posterior tooth crown traits exhibit sexual dimorphism and identify traits characteristic to the Mongoloid race, especially among the Indonesian population. Material and Methods: This study cross-sectional study analyzed 108 dental casts from 36 males and 72 females. The traits analyzed included winging, shoveling, double shoveling, canine mesial ridge, canine distal accessory ridge, hypocone, metaconule, Carabelli’s cusp, protostylid, metaconulid, enteconulid, and hypoconulid. All tooth crown traits were scored based on the ASUDAS scoring system. Descriptive statistics were used to calculate the absolute and relative frequencies. The Chi-square tests was used to determine significant differences in anterior and posterior tooth crown traits between males and females. Level of significance was set at 5%. Results: None of the traits showed sexual dimorphism. Moreover, the most common traits among the Mongoloid race were hypocone (94.4%) and shoveling (86.1%). Conclusion: Although none of the traits exhibited sexual dimorphism, most of them had a higher incidence among females than males. Nonetheless, further research including adequate samples and a similar number of females and males, is needed, especially for population studies.

Indonesia is an archipelagic country that located between the major Indo-Australian, Eurasian and Pacific tectonic plates. Thus condition makes Indonesia become a bunker of numerous active volcanoes. Recurrent natural disasters such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, with potentially large number of casualties that are difficult to identify often happen in Indonesia. Forensic Dentistry has a role in the identification of the victims of natural disasters. Advanteges of human teeth are usefull in the identification process due to their resistance to damage. Measuring intercanine and intermolar width can be the good indicator for sex determination. This aim of this study is to evaluate the use of intercanine and intermolar width for sex determination of an Indonesian sample population. The values of intercanine and intermolar width were measured from 300 study models obtained from the jaw-molding process on Indonesian subjects who met the inclusion criteria. For the results, both mandibulary intercanine and intermolar width values were in male significantly greater than in female. The mean intercanine width obtained was 28.83 for male and 27.54 for female with p = 0.013, then mean intermolar width is 34.88 for male and 33.12 for female with p = 0.025. Measurement of intercanine and intermolar width can be used as an assisting tool for sex determination in the process of identifying victims of natural disaster cases.

Background: The failure of intra-alveolar tooth extraction in cases of tooth extraction with complications is generally resolved by performing transalveolar tooth extraction. The open method of tooth extraction involves surgery by cutting the tooth or bone. Flap creation and partial removal of alveolar bone, refinement of alveolar bone, curettage, and suturing are the principles of this extraction method. The planning of the stages of the transalveolar extraction method must be made as carefully as possible to avoid complications of tooth extraction. Tooth extraction treatment in dental practice can be carried out due to various causes, including caries. Pulp polyps or also known as chronic hyperplastic pulpitis is another form of irreversible pulpitis in the chronically inflamed pulp so that the pulp tissue appears to the occlusal surface. Treatment in cases of pulp polyps varies widely depending on the remaining tooth crown wall. The usual treatments for polyps pulp patients are root canal treatment (RCT), pulpotomy to extraction. The transalveolar extraction method is performed by first taking a portion of the bone supporting the tooth. Objective: Knowing the treatment management of polyp pulp extraction with transalveolar surgery methods, indications and contraindications for transalveolar surgery and knowing the correct medical selection in cases of transalveolar surgical extraction of teeth with polyp pulp. Discussion: Chronic hyperplastic pulpitis or pulp polyp is a pathological condition that attacks vital pulp tissue so that it experiences a chronic inflammation as a defense response from the body to the pulp tissue against bacterial infection. The term use of the term chronic hyperplastic pulpitis occurs due to granulation of the pulp tissue covered with epithelial tissue due to chronic infection. The management of cases of pulp polyps for which restoration is no longer possible is to remove them. Extraction is the last step that can be done if restoration measures do not eliminate the source of infection. The transalveolar extraction procedure of the teeth located in the mandible is preceded by asepsis and anesthesia and removal of the polypoid tissue. Conclusion: In several cases of brittle teeth, extraction by intraalveolar method often failed so that it needs to be extracted by transalveolar method. Management of extraction with polyp pulp includes removal of the polypoid tissue first before extraction. The administration of medical therapy with the antibiotic amoxicillin 500 mg for 5 days, paracetamol for 5 days and dexamethasone for 3 days can control the patient's pain and help the healing process quickly.