This immunohistochemical analysis evaluated the influence of the proportion of particulate autogenous bone (AB) graft/platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on bone healing in surgically created critical-size defects (CSD) in rat calvaria. 25 rats were divided into 5 groups: C (control), AB, AB/PRP-50, AB/PRP-100 and AB/PRP-150. A 5 mm diameter critical-size defect was created in the calvarium of each animal. In Group C, defect was filled by blood clot only. In Group AB, defect was filled with AB graft. In Groups AB/PRP-50, AB/PRP-100 and AB/PRP-150, defects were filled with AB graft combined with 50, 100 and 150 microl of PRP, respectively. Animals were euthanized at 30 days post-operative. Osteocalcin (OC) and osteopontin (OP) immunohistochemical staining were performed. OP-positive and OC-positive cells were quantified. The amount of vital bone (VBA) and remaining bone graft particles (RPA) were calculated as percentage of the total area of the original defect. Data were statistically analyzed (ANOVA, Tukey, p0.05). However, clear trends were indicated by an increase in VBA in Group AB/PRP-100 when compared to groups C, AB and AB/PRP-150 and an increase in RPA in Group AB/PRP-150 when compared to groups AB, AB/PRP-50 and AB/PRP-100. The proportion AB graft/PRP seems to influence bone healing in CSD in rat calvaria. The highest expression of osteocalcin and osteopontin, and thus the most developed healing, was found in Group AB/PRP-100 indicating that there may be an optimal proportion beyond which increasing the concentration PRP is deleterious.

Peri-implantitis disease has increased significantly over the last years, resulting in increased failure of implants. Many factors may play a role in implant complications and failure, including ones related to the oral microbiota. This literature review aims to summarize the current knowledge of microbiome of implants in health and disease, focusing not only on the presence/absence of specific microbiota or on their relative abundance, but also on their phenotypic expression and their complex relationships with the host. The authors examined the MEDLINE database and identified key topics about peri-implant oral microbiome in health and disease. The peri-implant microbiome differs from that of the tooth, both in health and disease, as they are structurally and chemically different. The adhesion and formation of the peri-implant biofilm can be affected by the surface energy, topography, wettability, and electrochemical charges of the implant surface. In addition, the morphogenesis of the tissues surrounding the dental implant also differs from the tooth, making the dental implant more susceptible to bacterial infection. This interplay between the microbiome and the host immune system in peri-implant infections still needs to be elucidated.

The purpose of this study was to analyze histomorphometrically the influence of the ratio of particulate autogenous bone (AB) graft/platelet‐rich plasma (PRP) on bone healing in surgically created critical‐size defects (CSD) in rat calvaria. Fifty rats were divided into five groups: Group C (control), Group AB, Group AB/PRP‐50, Group AB/PRP‐100, and Group AB/PRP‐150. A 5‐mm diameter critical‐size defect was created in the calvarium of each animal. In Group C, the defect was filled by blood clot only. In Group AB, the defect was filled with 0.01 mL of AB graft. In Groups AB/PRP‐50, AB/PRP‐100, and AB/PRP‐150, the defects were filled with 0.01 mL of AB graft combined with 50, 100, and 150 µL of PRP, respectively. All animals were euthanized at 30 days postoperative. Histomorphometry, using image analysis software, and histology analyses were performed. New Bone Area (NBA) and the remaining bone graft particles area (RPA) were calculated as a percentage of the total area of the original defect. Percentage data were transformed into arccosine for analysis. No defect completely regenerated with bone. Group AB/PRP‐50 (41.78 ± 13.48%) had a significantly greater NBA than Groups C (19.29 ± 5.11%), AB (27.43 ± 10.90%) or AB/PRP‐150 (19.17 ± 8.45%) (p < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between groups AB/PRP‐50 and AB/PRP‐100 or among groups AB, AB/PRP‐100, and AB/PRP‐150 with regard to NBA (p > 0.05). Group AB/PRP‐150 (31.59 ± 3.22%) had a significantly greater RPA than Groups AB (19.09 ± 5.21%), AB/PRP‐50 (17.33 ± 4.43%), and AB/PRP‐100 (19.72 ± 3.62%) (p < 0.001). No significant differences were observed among groups AB, AB/PRP‐50, and AB/PRP‐100 with regard to RPA (p > 0.05). The ratio AB graft/PRP influences bone healing in surgically created CSD in rat calvaria. © 2009 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 28:468–473, 2010

Background: This study histomorphometrically analyzes the influence of platelet‐rich plasma (PRP), low‐level laser therapy (LLLT), or their combination on the healing of periodontal fenestration defects (PFDs) in rats.Methods: PFDs were surgically created in the mandibles of 80 rats. The animals were randomly divided into four groups: 1) C (control) and 2) PRP, defects were filled with blood clot or PRP, respectively; 3) LLLT and 4) PRP/LLLT, defects received laser irradiation, were filled with blood clot or PRP, respectively, and then irradiated again. Animals were euthanized at either 10 or 30 days post‐surgery. Percentage of new bone (NB), density of newly formed bone (DNB), new cementum (NC), and extension of remaining defect (ERD) were histomorphometrically evaluated. Data were statistically analyzed (analysis of variance; Tukey test, P <0.05).Results: At 10 days, group PRP presented ERD significantly lower than group C. At 30 days, group PRP presented NB and DNB significantly greater than group C. Groups LLLT, PRP, and PRP/LLLT showed significant NC formation at 30 days, with collagen fibers inserted obliquely or perpendicularly to the root surface. NC formation was not observed in any group C specimen.Conclusions: LLLT, PRP, or their combination all promoted NC formation with a functional periodontal ligament. The combination PRP/LLLT did not show additional positive effects compared to the use of either therapy alone.