Background and Objectives: Data is still limited regarding clinical outcomes of rotational atherectomy (RA) after percutaneous coronary intervention. We sought to evaluate clinical outcomes of RA. Materials and Methods: This multi-center registry enrolled patients who underwent RA during PCI from nine tertiary centers in Korea between January 2010 and October 2019. The primary endpoint was target-vessel failure (TVF; the composite outcome of cardiac death, target-vessel spontaneous myocardial infarction, or target-vessel revascularization). Results: Of 540 patients (583 lesions), the mean patient age was 71.4 ± 0.4 years, 323 patients (59.8%) were men, and 305 patients (56.5%) had diabetes mellitus. Technical success rate was 96.4%. In-hospital major adverse cerebral and cardiac events occurred in 63 cases (10.8%). At 1.5 years, 72 (16.0%) of TVFs were occurred. We evaluated independent predictors of TVF, which included current smoker (hazard ratio (HR), 1.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.17–3.16; p = 0.01), chronic renal disease (HR, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.14–3.08; p = 0.013), history of cerebrovascular attack (HR, 2.14; 95% CI, 1.24-3.68; p = 0.006), left ventricle ejection fraction (HR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97–0.999; p = 0.037), and left main disease (HR, 1.94; 95% CI, 1.11–3.37; p = 0.019). Conclusions: From this registry, we demonstrated acceptable success rates, in-hospital and mid-term clinical outcomes of RA in the DES era.

There are limited data regarding the clinical impact of diabetes duration for patients with heavy calcified coronary lesions. We sought to determine the clinical impact of diabetes duration on clinical outcomes in patients with heavily calcified lesions who required rotational atherectomy during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). A total of 540 diabetic patients (583 lesions) were enrolled between January 2010 and October 2019. Patients were classified into three subgroups: patients with no diabetes mellitus (non-DM), shorter duration (S-DM), and longer duration (L-DM), of which duration was divided at 10 years. During 18 months of follow-up-duration, diabetes duration was significantly associated with the primary outcome. The incidence rate of target-vessel failure (TVF), the primary outcome, was significantly higher in the L-DM group compared with non-DM or S-DM. Among secondary outcomes, any repeat revascularization (RR) was frequently observed in the L-DM compared with other groups. In multivariate analysis, the risk of TVF and any RR was 1.9 times and 2.4 times higher in L-DM than in non-DM, respectively. This study firstly demonstrated that there is an association between a longer DM duration and poor clinical outcomes in patients with severe calcified CAD after PCI. More careful monitoring for recurrence is needed during follow-up in those patients.

Cho JS, et al. Korean Circ J. 2025 Jul;56:e2. https://doi.org/10.4070/kcj.2025.0140

Background and Objectives: To date, several machine learning (ML) prognostic prediction models have been investigated for patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). However, few studies have compared the prognostic performance of ML techniques in AMI patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). We sought to compare the prognostic performance among various machine learning techniques to determine which one showed the best prediction ability. Materials and Methods: Using data from the large, multicenter COREA-AMI registry, this study analyzed 10,172 patients to predict major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) at 1 and 5 years. MACE was defined as a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction, or cerebrovascular accident. Results: Compared with the four other ML techniques and traditional logistic regression, the random forest (RF) model consistently demonstrated the highest predictive performance. At 5 years, the RF model achieved a superior area under the curve (AUC) of 0.822, an accuracy of 0.804, and an F1 score of 0.870. To ensure clinical interpretability, a SHapley Additive exPlanations analysis was performed on the RF model. It identified key independent predictors for MACEs. The top nonmodifiable predictors included age, renal function, and left ventricular ejection fraction, whereas modifiable risk factors included dual antiplatelet therapy, statin therapy, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor/angiotensin receptor blocker therapy, and adherence to these optimal medical therapy. Conclusions: In this real-world patient cohort, the RF model provided modest improvements in long-term risk stratification, and our findings highlight the continuing importance of guideline-directed medical therapy in determining patient prognosis.

Background and Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in cardiovascular disease (CVD), although positive airway pressure (PAP) treatment has not been demonstrated to improve the cardiovascular outcome. The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of adherence to PAP therapy on cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) performance in patients with concomitant OSA and CVD. Materials and Methods: This preliminary study involved symptomatic OSA patients requiring PAP treatment who had CVD. All subjects underwent polysomnography, echocardiography, and CPET at baseline. After 6 to 12 months of PAP treatment, CPET performance was re-assessed. The changes in CPET parameters before and after PAP treatment were compared between patients who were adherent to PAP and patients who were not adherent to PAP. Results: A total of 16 OSA patients with an apnea–hypopnea index of 32.0 ± 23.4 were enrolled. Patients were classified into the adherent (n = 9) and non-adherent (n = 7) groups with regard to PAP adherence. After 6 to 12 months of PAP treatment, the PAP-adherent group showed a greater increase in peak VO2 than the PAP-non-adherent group, but the difference between the two groups was not significant (p = 0.581). The decrease in ventilatory equivalent for the carbon dioxide slope (VE/VCO2) was significantly greater in the PAP-adherent group compared to the PAP-non-adherent group (p = 0.030). Conclusions: Adherence to PAP therapy for OSA is associated with an improvement in the VE/VCO2 slope, as an index of the ventilatory response to exercise, in patients with CVD. Screening for sleep apnea in CVD patients may be warranted, and strategies to optimize adherence to PAP in these patients are beneficial. Further evidence is needed to elucidate whether CPET could be routinely used to monitor treatment responses of OSA to PAP therapy in patients with CVD.

Background and Objectives: Rotational atherectomy (RA) is a crucial method for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of heavily calcified coronary lesions. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical outcomes in patients undergoing RA via the radial versus femoral approach. Methods: The Rotational Atherectomy in Calcified Lesions in Korea (ROCK) registry included consecutive patients with severely calcified coronary artery disease who received RA during PCI at nine tertiary centers in Korea. A total of 540 patients who underwent PCI with RA were enrolled between October 2019 and January 2010. We retrospectively investigated the clinical outcomes between the transradial and transfemoral approaches. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) within 36 months of follow-up. Results: Of the 540 patients, 248 patients (45.9%) were in the transradial group, and 292 patients (54.1%) were in the transfemoral group. There were no significant differences in MACCE (11.3% vs. 17.8%, adjusted hazard ratio [HR]: 1.520; 95% confidence interval: 0.889–2.600; p = 0.126) and procedural success (97.6% vs. 95.2%, p = 0.145). The occurrence of in-hospital bleeding was numerically higher in the transfemoral group, but the difference was not statistically significant (8 [3.2%] vs. 19 [6.5%], p = 0.081) Conclusions: In this study, the transradial approach did not show a significant difference in clinical outcomes but tended to have lower bleeding events compared to the transfemoral approach. RA via the transradial approach can be a useful vascular access option compared to the transfemoral approach.