Automobile industries were ready to recycle the waste old parts as well as the damaged parts of the old vehicles as much as possible. This study mainly focused on the recycling of the waste and damaged aluminium frames of the automobile bodies. These aluminium‐based frames only collected the metal matrix composite created by reinforcement of 3% silicon carbide (SiC) and 3% high carbon steel. The stir casting method is chosen to make the composites. Optimization is done by Taguchi ANOVA technique. Three input parameters such as stir speed, time of squeeze, and the temperature of the preheating were considered. The outputs such as compressive strength and porosity were experimentally measured with the combination of nine (L9) experimental trails. The measured experimental results were analyzed and optimized with the help of Taguchi technique with different plots for clear identification. The optimized parameters based on low porosity and high compressive strength were recommended for conclusion.

Electrical discharge machining (EDM) is a cost-effective unconventional machining method used for machining any composites materials. EDM is based on the thermoelectric energy between the electrode and workpiece. In this work, boron carbide particles of 50nm (6wt.) are reinforced with aluminum 7075 (94wt.) prepared using stir casting method. The stir casting process is carried out at speed of 700800rev/min. The fabricated aluminum-boron carbide nanometal matrix composites are used as workpiece (anode); copper electrode is used as tool (cathode). This work investigates the influence of EDM process parameters such as current (I), pulse on-time (t_on), and tool diameter (d) during machining of Al-B₄C composite on metal removal rate (MRR) and tool wear rate (TWR). The design of experimental plan is executed by Taguchi approach, and the responses of each parameter are influenced by analysis of variances (ANOVA). Response table for average value of MRR and TWR shows that the current is the significant parameter affecting MRR and TWR. From this work, it was observed that material removal rate increased with increasing the current, and the tool wear rate decreases.

Significant population and automobile expansion have resulted in a rapid rise in energy demand. Because of the high demand for energy and the rapid depletion of fossil fuels, experts are concentrating their efforts on developing a suitable alternative fuel for diesel. The performance and emission characteristics of biodiesel made from watermelon methyl ester were investigated using a lanthanum oxide (La2O3) nanoparticle addition. Through the transesterification meth od, biodiesel was produced from non-edible watermelon seed oil. Compared to B20, addition of 100 parts per million (ppm) of La2O3 nanoparticles to biodiesel emulsion fuel reduces CO and HC emissions by 4.75% and 6.67%, respectively. Compared to B20 at full load circumstances, the inclusion of La2O3 nanoparticles at 100 ppm enhances the brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 2% and 8.8%, respectively.

Bumpers are essential components that shield passenger cars from slow-speed collisions. Automobiles have them mounted on the front and rear ends. It is believed that bumpers would be crucial in avoiding or restricting damage to automobiles. Various composite material combinations are being researched when a car frontal accident occurs in light of the impact requirements. By comparing it to the parent material, the unique hybrid fibre-metal laminate production clarifies problems such as deformation and stress. This research focuses on identifying the hybrid material composed of basalt fibre with aluminium and glass fibre combinations, inducing it with the properties of the existing parent material and fusing it together to form a laminated composite. It also focuses on identifying its specific features and mapping them with those of the existing ones. This projects peculiarity strives to give the best bumper with a range of deformation between 0.017378m and 0.03114m for the 38MPa tensile strength with a maximum stress prediction of 2.424×10²MPa that shows advantageous in day-to-day operations, and this is done by comparing simulation results.

The purpose of the study was to examine the practice of monitoring and evaluation in promoting effective policy implementation in the education sector of the Gambella Regional Sate. It also attempted to identify key challenges facing the current monitoring and evaluation system, and suggests ways to enhance the monitoring and evaluation system in education policy implementation in the region. Case study design was used to conduct the study. Primary data were collected through interview guides that targeted the bureau leader and experts in the Gambella region education bureau. Secondary data were collected through desk reviews. The results showed that the required monitoring, and evaluation framework, for effective monitoring, and evaluation are not in place. It was also found that the Gambella region education bureau has not fully established a system that can enhance a successful monitoring and evaluation system in the education sector of the region. The current staffs do not have adequate knowledge and skills, there is no proper monitoring, and evaluation coordination among stakeholders, and the bureau does not allocate adequate funds required for monitoring and evaluation activities. To undertake monitoring and evaluation, the Gambella bureau of education there needs a greater understanding of the value of monitoring and evaluation and there is a requirement for the bureau of education and the stakeholders to develop proper a legislative framework that considers the key performance indicator stetted in the education sector development program six for the effective implementation of monitoring and evaluation in the education sector for effective decision-making.

The construction sector is under increasing pressure to reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions, driving the development of bio-based, low-impact insulation materials. Lime composites incorporating plant aggregates are promising alternatives to conventional insulation; however, the potential of Arundo donax as a bio-aggregate remains underexplored. This study evaluates the physical, thermal, and hygrothermal performance of Arundo donax shive–lime composites produced with binder-to-shive mass ratios of 1:1, 1.5:1, and 2:1. Composite panels were prepared using CL90 slaked lime and cured under controlled conditions. Apparent density, water absorption, and thermal conductivity were measured after 28 days, complemented by temperature-dependent thermal conductivity tests over the range −10 to 50 °C. Microstructural and chemical characterisation was conducted using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Dry apparent density increased from 302 to 445 kg·m−3 with increasing binder content due to matrix densification and carbonation. Thermal conductivity rose linearly with density (0.072–0.092 W·m−1·K−1, R2 ≈ 0.99), confirming density as the dominant parameter governing heat transfer. Thermal conductivity also increased with temperature for all formulations, while temperature sensitivity decreased with increasing binder content, indicating enhanced thermal stability. Water absorption decreased markedly as binder content increased. SEM, EDX, and FTIR analyses confirmed effective lime coating of the shives, partial pore filling, and the formation of calcium carbonate, supporting the observed physical and thermal trends. Overall, Arundo donax–lime composites exhibit performance comparable to hemp–lime and other reed-based materials. The 1.5:1 binder-to-shive ratio provides the most balanced combination of low density, insulation performance, moisture resistance, and thermal stability, highlighting Arundo donax as a viable bio-aggregate for sustainable building insulation.