Objective: Tobacco consumption among low- and middle-income countries where food insecurity remains a challenge poses several concerns. This review examines the available global evidence linking smokeless tobacco (SLT) use with public health nutrition and its implications.Design: Systematic review of articles extracted from PubMed and Scopus from January 2000 to December 2020.Setting: Included studies that demonstrated the relationship between SLT and nutrition-related factors, that is, BMI, malnutrition, anaemia, poor birth outcomes and metabolic disorders. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines have been followed to conduct the systematic evidence review.Participants: A total of thirty-four studies were finally used in the systematic review, which included cross-sectional (thirty-one) and cohort (three).Results: SLT use has a huge impact on body weight, alteration in taste, poor oral health, and consumption of fruits and vegetables leading to malnutrition. Maternal use of SLT not only leads to anaemia but also hampers birth outcomes. Increased risk of metabolic syndrome and gallstone disease among SLT users are also well documented in the studies.Conclusion: The review highlights the linkages between SLT usage and poor nutritional outcomes. Tobacco control efforts should be convergent with public health nutrition to achieve overall health benefits. Attention is also required to explore suitable mechanisms for SLT cessation combined with enhancing food and nutrition security at the community level in sync with investments in public health nutrition intervention.

This concise analysis reveals tobacco smoking's dire consequences in Kenya, particularly highlighting lung cancer among other serious conditions. The research, spanning 2012 to 2021, associates 60,228 deaths with smoking, emphasizing the disease's bu...

Background: The pediatric gut microbiome influences immune maturation, neurodevelopment, and disease susceptibility. Probiotic supplementation has been investigated across multiple childhood conditions, yet strain-specific efficacy remains inconsistent. Objective: The objective of this review is to systematically evaluate strain-specific probiotic interventions in children and assess clinical efficacy, safety, and mechanistic pathways. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted following PRISMA 2020 guidelines. PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for studies (2006–2024). Results: Strong evidence supports Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and Saccharomyces boulardii for acute diarrhea. Mixed strains show moderate benefit in atopic dermatitis. Adjunct probiotic therapy improves Helicobacter pylori eradication rates. Evidence in asthma and autism spectrum disorder remains preliminary. Conclusion: Significant heterogeneity in strains, dosing, and study design limits generalizability. Probiotic efficacy in pediatrics is strain and condition-specific. Standardized RCTs and precision microbiome approaches are required.

Populations which have historically been more affected by smoking-related health issues are also showing a trend towards switching to e-cigarettes. It could be an indication that e-cigarettes are seen as a less harmful alternative by these groups. EN...