Despite the known benefits of precision agriculture, the adoption is challenging due to the cost of investment and the farm sizes. Therefore, profitability is an important aspect to consider. This study aimed to evaluate the net returns, profitability, and investment efficiencies of PA by different economic farm sizes. The study was based on data retrieved from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) and Eurostat (year 2021). The study examined four countries (Poland, Germany, France, and Romania) under field crop farming using an investment cost of EUR 35,941–EUR 71,883 and a 20% and 15% reduction in the cost of crop protection and fertilizer usage, respectively, without compromising productivity. There is a positive relationship between the adoption of PA and farm returns for larger-scale farms. The result of the profitability and analysis of investment efficiency using Net Present Value (NPV) showed a positive value for economic farm sizes of EUR 100,000 and above. Hence, it is not economically advisable that all farmers use PA technologies with the hope that they will be profitable but with public support (subsidies) more farms will be able to use PA and be profitable. This is also an opportunity to meet the goals of the European Union Green Deal of minimizing emissions that cause climate change.

Despite the known benefits of precision agriculture, the adoption is challenging due to the cost of investment and the farm sizes. Therefore, profitability is an important aspect to consider. This study aimed to evaluate the net returns, profitability, and investment efficiencies of PA by different economic farm sizes. The study was based on data retrieved from FADN and Eurostat. The study examined four countries (Poland, Germany, France, and Romania) under field crop farming using an investment cost of €35 941 - €71 883, and a 20% and 15% reduction in the cost of crop protection and fertilizer usage respectively without compromising productivity. There is a positive relationship between the adoption of PA and farm returns for larger-scale farms. The result of the profitability and analysis of investment efficiency using NPV showed a positive value for economic farm sizes of €100 000 and above. Hence, it is not economically advisable that all farmers use PA technologies with the hope that they will be profitable but with public support (subsidies) more farms will be able to use PA and be profitable. Also, an opportunity to meet the goal of the European Union Green Deal of minimizing emissions that cause climate change.

This study investigated how Kwara State's rice farmers' productivity was influenced by digital technology. Through a three-step sampling approach, primary data was acquired from 151 rice producers. Descriptive statistics, the sigma scoring approach, ordinary least square regression, logit regression model, and a Likert-type scale were used to examine the gathered data. According to the study's results, 74.17% of the respondents were between the ages of 20 and 40. There were 99.34% males and 59.60% with tertiary education. Six to ten persons made up an average family, and 82.12% of them were married. The most extensively utilized digital technology among farmers was proven to be mobile phones, with a high adoption level of Sigma score of 5.94. Major determinants of digital technology usage among rice farmers were age (p<0.01), digital awareness (p<0.01), experience in rice farming (p<0.05), access to financing (p<0.05), and digital awareness (p<0.01). Additional studies showed the purpose of digital technology usage, how frequently it is utilized, and how mobile phone communication with extension workers has a positive statistically significant effect on rice productivity of farmers. The exorbitant cost of mobile phones, poor access to extension workers, inadequate power supply, weak network connectivity, and poor access to credit are some of the challenges that impede rice farmers from embracing digital technology. The study advises that to increase farmers' agricultural productivity, the government and development partners should educate farmers about the benefits and correct usage of mobile phones. Expanding network coverage to remote places should also be a focus to improve seamless digital technology use.

Aim: Rice production in Nigeria falls short of domestic demand, increasing reliance on imports. Digital technologies could enhance productivity through improved information sharing, planning, and decision-making, yet adoption among rice farmers is limited and underexplored. This study examines the effect of digital technologies on rice productivity in Kwara State, Nigeria. Methods: Primary data were collected from 151 farmers using a three-stage sampling procedure. Analysis employed descriptive statistics, regression models, sigma scoring, and Likert scales. Results: Results indicate mobile phones are the most widely adopted digital tool; their use, particularly for communication with extension agents, was significantly associated with higher rice productivity. Key determinants of adoption include age, household size, digital awareness, farming experience, and access to finance. Despite its benefits, adoption is constrained by the high cost of digital technologies, poor network coverage, unreliable power supply, limited access to extension services, and poor access to credit. Conclusions: The study concludes that digital technologies are associated with higher rice productivity, but their transformative potential is curtailed by infrastructural and institutional limitations. Policy recommendations include strengthening digital literacy, expanding rural network coverage, and improving access to credit to promote wider adoption, increase productivity, and support food security and sustainable agricultural development in Nigeria.