A new species of the genus Megophrys is described from Guizhou Province, China. Molecular phylogenetic analyses supported the new species as an independent clade nested into the Megophrys. The new species could be distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following characters: body size moderate (SVL 49.3–58.2 mm in males); vomerine ridges present distinctly, vomerine teeth present; tongue feebly notched behind; tympanum distinctly visible, oval; two metacarpal tubercles in hand; toes with one-third webbing and wide lateral fringes; heels overlapped when thighs are positioned at right angles to the body; tibiotarsal articulation reaching the level between tympanum and eye when leg stretched forward; an internal single subgular vocal sac present in male; in breeding male, the nuptial pads with large and sparse black nuptial spines present on the dorsal bases of the first two fingers.

A new species of the microhylid frog genus Microhyla is described from the Fanjing Mountain of Guizhou Province, China. Phylogenetic analyses based on DNA sequences of the the mitochondrial 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and COI genes supported the new species as an independent lineage, closely related to M. beilunensis, M. mixtura and M. okinavensis. The uncorrected genetic distance on 16S rRNA gene between the new species and its closest congeners M. beilunensis, M. mixtura and M. okinavensis are 3.5%, 4.6% and 4.6% respectively. The new species is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters: (1) body of medium size (SVL 19.0–22.7 mm in males and 22.5–23.0 mm in females); (2) disk and dorsal median longitudinal groove on finger tips absent; (3) toe with rudimentary webbing at base; (4) disk with dorsal median longitudinal groove present at toe tips except for the toe I; (5) two metatarsal tubercles on palm; (6) tibiotarsal articulation reaching the level between eye to nostril when leg stretched forward; (7) a distinct V-shaped white stripe on the upper midsection. The new species is known only from the type locality, and thus the finding of it has contributed to the endemic species diversity of China. It is needed to take strategy to protect the species and habitats due to the increased threats of environmental changes.

A new species of the genus Tylototriton sensu lato from Tongzi County, Guizhou Province, China was described. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial 16S and ND2 gene sequences indicated the new species as the most closely related species of T. dabienicus in Henan. The new species could be identified from its congeners by a combination of the following morphological characters: (1) body size medium (TOL 120.5–135.1 mm and SVL 61.1–65.9 mm in males, and TOL 123.5–127.6 mm and SVL 66.7–69.2 mm in females); (2) gular fold present; (3) the tail length shorter than the snout-vent length; (4) the distal ends and ventral surfaces of digits, peripheral area of cloaca, and the lower margin of tail orange; (5) the distal tips of the limbs greatly overlapping when the fore and hind limbs being pressed along the trunk; (6) fingertips reaching to the level beyond the snout when the forelimbs being stretched forward; (7) nodule-like warts on body sides continuous and no obvious. The new species is known only from the montane forests of Huanglian Nature Reserve, Tongzi County, Guizhou Province, China. We recommend the new species to be listed as Critically Endangered.

The spiny frog Quasipaa robertingeri is endemic to a narrow region of southwest China and its taxonomic validation is still controversial. Based on COI gene sequences of 110 individuals from seven populations of Q. robertingeri and its related species, we investigated the phylogenetic position and population genetic structure of the species. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that Q. robertingeri was deeply genetically separated from its closely related species Q. boulengeri, indicating the validation of the species. All samples of Q. robertingeri were clustered into two divergent lineages. Haplotype network, AMOVA, and genetic distance estimations also supported the separations of the two groups. Neutrality tests indicated that one lineage has been likely independently experienced a recent population expansion, leading to a secondary contact area between the two lineages.

The diversification of advertisement calls is largely driven by climatic niche differentiation. Our results provide acoustic evidence for studies on ecological speciation in anurans.