Essure (BP) responses to acute exercise (single session). Our primary objective was to correlate the magnitude of BP decrease after acute exercise to the magnitude of BP reduction after chronic exercise. Our secondary objective was to examine the correlates of BP reduction after acute and chronic exercise. Methods Seventeen prehypertensive (120 to 139/80 to 89 mm Hg) males and females (45–60 yr old) underwent acute exercise assessments before an 8-wk walking/jogging program (four times per week, 30 min per session, 65% maximum oxygen consumption). BP, hemodynamics, HR variability, and baroreflex sensitivity were assessed before and after acute exercise and chronic training. Results BP was significantly reduced −7.2 ± 1.2/−4.2 ± 1.0 and −7.0 ± 1.4/−5.2 ± 1.2 mm Hg relative to baseline after acute (30 min at 65% maximum oxygen consumption) and chronic exercise, respectively (P < 0.01). The magnitude of change in systolic BP after acute exercise was strongly correlated with change in resting systolic BP after chronic training, r = 0.89, P < 0.01. A similar correlation was observed with diastolic BP, r = 0.75, P < 0.01. After acute exercise, significant reductions in total power (ms2) and baroreflex sensitivity were observed in both sexes (P < 0.01). However, after chronic exercise, only men demonstrated a significant reduction in the low-frequency-to-high-frequency ratio (−36%), P < 0.01. Conclusions The magnitude of the acute BP-lowering with exercise may predict the extent of BP lowering after chronic training interventions in prehypertensive individuals....

Ataxia–telangiectasia mutated (ATM) is a major regulator of the DNA damage response. ATM promotes the activation of BRCA1, CHK2, and p53 leading to the induction of response genes such as CDKN1A (p21), GADD45A, and RRM2B that promote cell-cycle arrest and DNA repair. The upregulation of these response genes may contribute to resistance of cancer cells to genotoxic therapies. Here, we show that histone deacetylases (HDAC) play a major role in mitigating the response of the ATM pathway to DNA damage. HDAC inhibition decreased ATM activation and expression, and attenuated the activation of p53 in vitro and in vivo. Select depletion of HDAC1 and HDAC2 was sufficient to modulate ATM activation, reduce GADD45A and RRM2B induction, and increase sensitivity to DNA strand breaks. The regulation of ATM by HDAC enzymes therefore suggests a vital role for HDAC1 and HDAC2 in the DNA damage response, and the potential use of the ATM pathway as a pharmacodynamic marker for combination therapies involving HDAC inhibitors. Mol Cancer Ther; 12(10); 2078–87. ©2013 AACR.

Background: High-intensity exercise (HIEX) suppresses appetite in adults and is thought to be mediated by appetite-regulating hormones. However, the e

Background: The effect of exercise on subjective appetite and short-term food intake has received little investigation in children. Despite a lack of reported evaluation of short-duration activity programs, they are currently being implemented in schools as a means to benefit energy balance. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of duration of exercise at the ventilation threshold (VeT) on subjective appetite and short-term food intake in normal weight boys and girls aged 9 to 14 years. Methods: On 4 separate mornings and in random order, boys (n = 14) and girls (n = 15) completed 2 rest or 2 exercise treatments for 15 (short-duration; SD) or 45 min (long-duration; LD) at their previously measured VeT, 2 h after a standardized breakfast. Subjective appetite was measured at regular intervals during the study sessions and food intake from a pizza meal was measured 30 min after rest or exercise. Results: An increase in average appetite, desire to eat, and hunger (p < 0.05) was attenuated by SD exercise, but was further increased (p < 0.05) by LD exercise. However, food intake after SD and LD exercise was similar to after rest in both boys and girls (p = 0.55). The energy cost of SD and LD exercise resulted in a lower net energy balance compared to resting during the study measurement period in boys (SD: Δ = -418 ± 301 kJ; LD: Δ = -928 ± 196 kJ) and in girls (SD: Δ = -297 ± 105 kJ; LD: Δ = -432 ± 115 kJ). Conclusion: Neither SD nor LD exercise at the VeT increased short-term food intake and SD exercise attenuated increases in appetite. Thus, SD exercise programs in schools may be an effective strategy for maintaining healthier body weights in children.