Combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) micro-grids have the advantage of high energy efficiency, and can be integrated with renewable energies and demand response programs (DRPs). With the deepening of electricity market (EM) reforms, how to carry out operation optimization under EM circumstances will become a key problem for CCHP micro-grid development. This paper proposed a stochastic-CVaR (conditional value at risk) optimization model for CCHP micro-grid operation with consideration of EM participation, wind power accommodation and multiple DRPs. Specifically, based on the stochastic scenarios for EM clearing prices and wind power outputs uncertainties, the stochastic optimization method was applied to ensure the realization of operational cost minimization and wind power accommodation; the CVaR method was implemented to control the potential risk of operational cost increase. Moreover, by introducing multiple DRPs, the electrical, thermal and cooling loads can be transformed as flexible sources for CCHP micro-grid operation. Simulations were performed to show the following outcomes: (1) by applying the proposed stochastic-CVaR approach and considering multiple DRPs, CCHP micro-grid operation can reach better performance in terms of cost minimization, risk control and wind power accommodation etc.; (2) higher energy utilization efficiency can be achieved by coordinately optimizing EM power biddings; etc.

In China, the power industry is a major fossil-energy consumption sector and carbon dioxide emitter putting great pressure on the environment. To realize the sustainable development of the power industry and economy, it is necessary to investigate the decoupling relationship between the economic and the power industry-related indicators (i.e., the power generation of carbon dioxide emissions and electric carbon productivity). This study employs the Tapio decoupling technique to conduct the analysis at national and provincial levels, covering the period of 2000-2016. Empirical results show that: 1) In our work there are four decoupling statuses existing among the total eight decoupling statuses, showing alternating and periodic characteristics. 2) The decoupling status evolution between the economy and carbon dioxide emissions for 30 provinces shows regional features, with similarities and differences due to the local economic mode, natural resources and the echo to the central government policies. 3) The decoupling status can also reflect the impact of national and even international policies. The results could help the central and local governments formulate targeted measures to reduce carbon dioxide from the power industry and increase electric carbon productivity without compromising the economy to achieve the coordination of the economy and the environment.