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Respiratory rate (RR) is an important vital sign used in the initial and ongoing assessment of acutely ill patients. It is also used as a predictor of serious deterioration in a patient's clinical condition. Convenient electronic devices exist for measurement of pulse, blood pressure, oxygen saturation, and temperature. Although devices which measure RR exist, none has entered everyday clinical practice. We have developed a contactless portable respiratory rate monitor (CPRM) and evaluated the agreement in respiratory rate measurements between existing methods and our new device. The CPRM uses thermal anemometry to measure breath signals during inspiration and expiration. RR data were collected from 52 healthy adult volunteers using respiratory inductance plethysmography (RIP) bands (established contact method), visual counting of chest movements (established noncontact method), and the CPRM (new method), simultaneously. Two differently shaped funnel attachments to the CPRM were evaluated for each volunteer. Data showed a good agreement between measurements from the CPRM and the gold standard RIP, with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC): 0.836, mean difference 0.46 and 95% limits of agreement of −5.90 to 6.83. When separate air inlet funnels of the CPRM were analyzed, stronger agreement was seen with an elliptical air inlet; ICC 0.908, mean difference 0.37 with 95% limits of agreement −4.35 to 5.08. A contactless device for accurately and quickly measuring respiratory rate will be an important triage tool in the clinical assessment of patients. More testing is needed to explore the reasons for outlying measurements and to evaluate in the clinical setting.
William Daw; Ruth N. Kingshott; Reza Saatchi; Derek Burke; Robert Evans; Alan F Holloway; Jonathan R Travis; Anthony Jones; Ben R Hughes; Heather E. Elphick. A Novel, Contactless, Portable “Spot-Check” Device Accurately Measures Respiratory Rate. Journal of Medical Devices 2020, 14, 1 .
AMA StyleWilliam Daw, Ruth N. Kingshott, Reza Saatchi, Derek Burke, Robert Evans, Alan F Holloway, Jonathan R Travis, Anthony Jones, Ben R Hughes, Heather E. Elphick. A Novel, Contactless, Portable “Spot-Check” Device Accurately Measures Respiratory Rate. Journal of Medical Devices. 2020; 14 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWilliam Daw; Ruth N. Kingshott; Reza Saatchi; Derek Burke; Robert Evans; Alan F Holloway; Jonathan R Travis; Anthony Jones; Ben R Hughes; Heather E. Elphick. 2020. "A Novel, Contactless, Portable “Spot-Check” Device Accurately Measures Respiratory Rate." Journal of Medical Devices 14, no. 3: 1.
With increasing governmental pressures to reduce energy consumption, manufacturing companies are faced with the challenge of reducing energy consumption whilst maintaining or increasing profits and productivity. Computational modelling is a powerful tool for energy analysis within the manufacturing industry as an effective decision making technique in order to optimise throughput, effectively plan and manage operations, reduce bottlenecks and test various scenarios. This study reviewed methodologies and frameworks developed for analysing energy consumption on a machine process level. Multi-level holistic analysis allowing for consideration of individual machines, the manufacturing process chain and built environment, with both discrete event and continuous based simulation are also presented. The requirement of a complete, high accuracy computational model is highlighted in order to understand the interaction between all relevant material, energy and resource flows. Challenges associated with achieving a holistic simulation of the manufacturing facility with all relevant parameters is presented, along with areas for further development. Furthermore, the development of Industry 4.0 is reviewed, along with new and emerging technologies allowing for increased automation, connectivity and flexibility within manufacturing, as well as visual techniques to provide further understanding and clarity of manufacturing processes such as digital twins, virtual and augmented reality.
Victoria Jayne Mawson; Ben Richard Hughes. The development of modelling tools to improve energy efficiency in manufacturing processes and systems. Journal of Manufacturing Systems 2019, 51, 95 -105.
AMA StyleVictoria Jayne Mawson, Ben Richard Hughes. The development of modelling tools to improve energy efficiency in manufacturing processes and systems. Journal of Manufacturing Systems. 2019; 51 ():95-105.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVictoria Jayne Mawson; Ben Richard Hughes. 2019. "The development of modelling tools to improve energy efficiency in manufacturing processes and systems." Journal of Manufacturing Systems 51, no. : 95-105.
The main objective of this study was to investigate the effect of inlet temperature (Tin) and flowrate ( m ˙ ) on thermal efficiency ( η t h ) of flat plate collectors (FPC). Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) was employed to simulate a FPC and the results were validated with experimental data from literature. The FPC was examined for high and low level flowrates and for inlet temperatures which varied from 298 to 373 K. Thermal efficiency of 93% and 65% was achieved at 298 K and 370 K inlet temperature’s respectively. A maximum temperature increase of 62 K in the inlet temperature was achieved at a flowrate of 5 × 10−4 kg/s inside the riser pipe. Tin and m ˙ were optimised in order to achieve the minimum required feed temperature for a 10 kW absorption chiller.
Mohammad Alobaid; Ben Hughes; Andrew Heyes; Dominic O’Connor. Determining the Effect of Inlet Flow Conditions on the Thermal Efficiency of a Flat Plate Solar Collector. Fluids 2018, 3, 67 .
AMA StyleMohammad Alobaid, Ben Hughes, Andrew Heyes, Dominic O’Connor. Determining the Effect of Inlet Flow Conditions on the Thermal Efficiency of a Flat Plate Solar Collector. Fluids. 2018; 3 (3):67.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Alobaid; Ben Hughes; Andrew Heyes; Dominic O’Connor. 2018. "Determining the Effect of Inlet Flow Conditions on the Thermal Efficiency of a Flat Plate Solar Collector." Fluids 3, no. 3: 67.
Sally Shahzad; John Kaiser Calautit; Katrina Calautit; Ben Hughes; Angelo I. Aquino. Advanced personal comfort system (APCS) for the workplace: A review and case study. Energy and Buildings 2018, 173, 689 -709.
AMA StyleSally Shahzad, John Kaiser Calautit, Katrina Calautit, Ben Hughes, Angelo I. Aquino. Advanced personal comfort system (APCS) for the workplace: A review and case study. Energy and Buildings. 2018; 173 ():689-709.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSally Shahzad; John Kaiser Calautit; Katrina Calautit; Ben Hughes; Angelo I. Aquino. 2018. "Advanced personal comfort system (APCS) for the workplace: A review and case study." Energy and Buildings 173, no. : 689-709.
Mohammad Alobaid; Ben Hughes; Dominic O’Connor; John Calautit; Andrew Heyes. Improving Thermal and Electrical Efficiency in Photovoltaic Thermal Systems for Sustainable Cooling System Integration. Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems 2018, 6, 305 -322.
AMA StyleMohammad Alobaid, Ben Hughes, Dominic O’Connor, John Calautit, Andrew Heyes. Improving Thermal and Electrical Efficiency in Photovoltaic Thermal Systems for Sustainable Cooling System Integration. Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems. 2018; 6 (2):305-322.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohammad Alobaid; Ben Hughes; Dominic O’Connor; John Calautit; Andrew Heyes. 2018. "Improving Thermal and Electrical Efficiency in Photovoltaic Thermal Systems for Sustainable Cooling System Integration." Journal of Sustainable Development of Energy, Water and Environment Systems 6, no. 2: 305-322.
Global demand for energy continues to increase rapidly, due to economic and population growth, especially for increasing market economies. These lead to challenges and worries about energy security that can increase as more users need more energy resources. Also, higher consumption of fossil fuels leads to more greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to global warming. Moreover, there are still more people without access to electricity. Several studies have reported that one of the rapidly developing source of power is wind energy and with declining costs due to technology and manufacturing advancements and concerns over energy security and environmental issues, the trend is predicted to continue. As a result, tools and methods to simulate and optimize wind energy technologies must also continue to advance. This paper reviews the most recently published works in Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations of micro to small wind turbines, building integrated with wind turbines, and wind turbines installed in wind farms. In addition, the existing limitations and complications included with the wind energy system modelling were examined and issues that needs further work are highlighted. This study investigated the current development of CFD modelling of wind energy systems. Studies on aerodynamic interaction among the atmospheric boundary layer or wind farm terrain and the turbine rotor and their wakes were investigated. Furthermore, CFD combined with other tools such as blade element momentum were examined.
Katrina Calautit; Angelo Aquino; John Kaiser Calautit; Payam Nejat; Fatemeh Jomehzadeh; Ben Richard Hughes. A Review of Numerical Modelling of Multi-Scale Wind Turbines and Their Environment. Computation 2018, 6, 24 .
AMA StyleKatrina Calautit, Angelo Aquino, John Kaiser Calautit, Payam Nejat, Fatemeh Jomehzadeh, Ben Richard Hughes. A Review of Numerical Modelling of Multi-Scale Wind Turbines and Their Environment. Computation. 2018; 6 (1):24.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKatrina Calautit; Angelo Aquino; John Kaiser Calautit; Payam Nejat; Fatemeh Jomehzadeh; Ben Richard Hughes. 2018. "A Review of Numerical Modelling of Multi-Scale Wind Turbines and Their Environment." Computation 6, no. 1: 24.
The neutral thermal sensation (neither cold, nor hot) is widely used through the application of the ASHRAE seven-point thermal sensation scale to assess thermal comfort. This study investigated the application of the neutral thermal sensation and it questions the reliability of any study that solely relies on neutral thermal sensation. Although thermal-neutrality has already been questioned, still most thermal comfort studies only use this measure to assess thermal comfort of the occupants. In this study, the connection of the occupant’s thermal comfort with thermal-neutrality was investigated in two separate contexts of Norwegian and British offices. Overall, the thermal environment of four office buildings was evaluated and 313 responses (three times a day) to thermal sensation, thermal preference, comfort, and satisfaction were recorded. The results suggested that 36% of the occupants did not want to feel neutral and they considered thermal sensations other than neutral as their comfort condition. Also, in order to feel comfortable, respondents reported wanting to feel different thermal sensations at different times of the day suggesting that occupant desire for thermal comfort conditions may not be as steady as anticipated. This study recommends that other measures are required to assess human thermal comfort, such as thermal preference. Practical application: This study questions the application of neutral thermal sensation as the measure of thermal comfort. The findings indicate that occupant may consider other sensations than neutral as comfortable. This finding directly questions the standard comfort zone (e.g. ASHRAE Standard 55) as well as the optimum temperature, as many occupants required different thermal sensations at different times of the day to feel comfortable. These findings suggest that a steady indoor thermal environment does not guarantee thermal comfort and variations in the room temperature, which can be controlled by the occupant, need to be considered as part of the building design.
Sally Shahzad; John Brennan; Dimitris Theodossopoulos; John K Calautit; Ben R Hughes. Does a neutral thermal sensation determine thermal comfort? Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 2018, 39, 183 -195.
AMA StyleSally Shahzad, John Brennan, Dimitris Theodossopoulos, John K Calautit, Ben R Hughes. Does a neutral thermal sensation determine thermal comfort? Building Services Engineering Research and Technology. 2018; 39 (2):183-195.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSally Shahzad; John Brennan; Dimitris Theodossopoulos; John K Calautit; Ben R Hughes. 2018. "Does a neutral thermal sensation determine thermal comfort?" Building Services Engineering Research and Technology 39, no. 2: 183-195.
Tom Lloyd Garwood; Ben Richard Hughes; Michael R. Oates; Dominic O’Connor; Ruby Hughes. A review of energy simulation tools for the manufacturing sector. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2018, 81, 895 -911.
AMA StyleTom Lloyd Garwood, Ben Richard Hughes, Michael R. Oates, Dominic O’Connor, Ruby Hughes. A review of energy simulation tools for the manufacturing sector. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2018; 81 ():895-911.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTom Lloyd Garwood; Ben Richard Hughes; Michael R. Oates; Dominic O’Connor; Ruby Hughes. 2018. "A review of energy simulation tools for the manufacturing sector." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 81, no. : 895-911.
John Calautit; Angelo Aquino; Dominic O’Connor; Sheen Mclean Cabaneros; Sally Shahzad; Saeed Wazed; Tom Garwood; Katrina Calautit; Ben Hughes. Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) analysis of a low energy wind catcher with horizontally-arranged heat transfer devices. Energy Procedia 2017, 142, 2095 -2101.
AMA StyleJohn Calautit, Angelo Aquino, Dominic O’Connor, Sheen Mclean Cabaneros, Sally Shahzad, Saeed Wazed, Tom Garwood, Katrina Calautit, Ben Hughes. Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) analysis of a low energy wind catcher with horizontally-arranged heat transfer devices. Energy Procedia. 2017; 142 ():2095-2101.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn Calautit; Angelo Aquino; Dominic O’Connor; Sheen Mclean Cabaneros; Sally Shahzad; Saeed Wazed; Tom Garwood; Katrina Calautit; Ben Hughes. 2017. "Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) analysis of a low energy wind catcher with horizontally-arranged heat transfer devices." Energy Procedia 142, no. : 2095-2101.
The complexity of the built environment requires the adoption of coupled techniques to predict the flow phenomena and provide optimum design solutions. In this study, coupled computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and response surface methodology (RSM) optimisation tools are employed to investigate the parameters that determine the wind comfort in a two-dimensional stadium model, by optimising the roof geometry. The roof height, width and length are evaluated against the flow homogeneity at the spectator terraces and the playing field area, the roof flow rate and the average interior pressure. Based on non-parametric regression analysis, both symmetric and asymmetric configurations are considered for optimisation. The optimum design solutions revealed that it is achievable to provide an improved wind environment in both playing field area and spectator terraces, giving a further insight on the interrelations of the parameters involved. Considering the limitations of conducting a two-dimensional study, the obtained results may beneficially be used as a basis for the optimisation of a complex three-dimensional stadium structure and thus become an important design guide for stadium structures.
Polytimi Sofotasiou; Ben Hughes; Saud Abdul Ghani. CFD optimisation of a stadium roof geometry: a qualitative study to improve the wind microenvironment. Sustainable Buildings 2017, 2, 8 .
AMA StylePolytimi Sofotasiou, Ben Hughes, Saud Abdul Ghani. CFD optimisation of a stadium roof geometry: a qualitative study to improve the wind microenvironment. Sustainable Buildings. 2017; 2 ():8.
Chicago/Turabian StylePolytimi Sofotasiou; Ben Hughes; Saud Abdul Ghani. 2017. "CFD optimisation of a stadium roof geometry: a qualitative study to improve the wind microenvironment." Sustainable Buildings 2, no. : 8.
Saud Ghani; Esmail A. ElBialy; Foteini Bakochristou; Seifelislam Mahmoud Ahmad Gamaledin; Mohammed Mohammed Rashwan; Ben Hughes. Thermal performance of stadium’s Field of Play in hot climates. Energy and Buildings 2017, 139, 702 -718.
AMA StyleSaud Ghani, Esmail A. ElBialy, Foteini Bakochristou, Seifelislam Mahmoud Ahmad Gamaledin, Mohammed Mohammed Rashwan, Ben Hughes. Thermal performance of stadium’s Field of Play in hot climates. Energy and Buildings. 2017; 139 ():702-718.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSaud Ghani; Esmail A. ElBialy; Foteini Bakochristou; Seifelislam Mahmoud Ahmad Gamaledin; Mohammed Mohammed Rashwan; Ben Hughes. 2017. "Thermal performance of stadium’s Field of Play in hot climates." Energy and Buildings 139, no. : 702-718.
For centuries, dome roofs were used in traditional houses in hot regions such as the Middle East and Mediterranean basin due to its thermal advantages, structural benefits and availability of construction materials. This article presents the computational modelling of the wind- and buoyancy-induced ventilation in a geodesic dome building in a hot climate. The airflow and temperature distributions and ventilation flow rates were predicted using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The three-dimensional Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations were solved using the CFD tool ANSYS FLUENT15. The standard k-epsilon was used as turbulence model. The modelling was verified using grid sensitivity and flux balance analysis. In order to validate the modelling method used in the current study, additional simulation of a similar domed-roof building was conducted for comparison. For wind-induced ventilation, the dome building was modelled with upper roof vents. For buoyancy-induced ventilation, the geometry was modelled with roof vents and also with two windows open in the lower level. The results showed that using the upper roof openings as a natural ventilation strategy during winter periods is advantageous and could reduce the indoor temperature and also introduce fresh air. The results also revealed that natural ventilation using roof vents cannot satisfy thermal requirements during hot summer periods and complementary cooling solutions should be considered. The analysis showed that buoyancy-induced ventilation model can still generate air movement inside the building during periods with no or very low wind.
Zohreh Soleimani; John Kaiser Calautit; Ben Richard Hughes. Computational Analysis of Natural Ventilation Flows in Geodesic Dome Building in Hot Climates. Computation 2016, 4, 31 .
AMA StyleZohreh Soleimani, John Kaiser Calautit, Ben Richard Hughes. Computational Analysis of Natural Ventilation Flows in Geodesic Dome Building in Hot Climates. Computation. 2016; 4 (3):31.
Chicago/Turabian StyleZohreh Soleimani; John Kaiser Calautit; Ben Richard Hughes. 2016. "Computational Analysis of Natural Ventilation Flows in Geodesic Dome Building in Hot Climates." Computation 4, no. 3: 31.
This study compared building-related symptoms in personal and open plan offices, where high and low levels of control over the thermal environment were provided, respectively. The individualized approach in Norway provided every user with a personal office, where they had control over an openable window, door, blinds, and thermostat. In contrast, the open plan case studies in the United Kingdom provided control over openable windows and blinds only for limited occupants seated around the perimeter of the building, with users seated away from the windows having no means of environmental control. Air conditioning was deployed in the Norwegian case study buildings, while displacement ventilation and natural ventilation were utilized in the British examples. Field studies of thermal comfort were applied with questionnaires, environmental measurements, and interviews. Users’ health was better in the Norwegian model (28%), while the British model was much more energy efficient (up to 10 times). The follow-up interviews confirmed the effect of lack of thermal control on users’ health. A balanced appraisal was made of energy performance and users’ health between the two buildings.
Sally S. Shahzad; John Brennan; Dimitris Theodossopoulos; Ben Hughes; John Kaiser Calautit. Building-Related Symptoms, Energy, and Thermal Control in the Workplace: Personal and Open Plan Offices. Sustainability 2016, 8, 331 .
AMA StyleSally S. Shahzad, John Brennan, Dimitris Theodossopoulos, Ben Hughes, John Kaiser Calautit. Building-Related Symptoms, Energy, and Thermal Control in the Workplace: Personal and Open Plan Offices. Sustainability. 2016; 8 (4):331.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSally S. Shahzad; John Brennan; Dimitris Theodossopoulos; Ben Hughes; John Kaiser Calautit. 2016. "Building-Related Symptoms, Energy, and Thermal Control in the Workplace: Personal and Open Plan Offices." Sustainability 8, no. 4: 331.
The data presented in this article were the basis for the study reported in the research articles entitled 'A validated design methodology for a closed loop subsonic wind tunnel' (Calautit et al., 2014) [1], which presented a systematic investigation into the design, simulation and analysis of flow parameters in a wind tunnel using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The authors evaluated the accuracy of replicating the flow characteristics for which the wind tunnel was designed using numerical simulation. Here, we detail the numerical and experimental set-up for the analysis of the closed-loop subsonic wind tunnel with an empty test section.
John Kaiser Calautit; Ben Richard Hughes. CFD and experimental data of closed-loop wind tunnel flow. Data in Brief 2016, 7, 216 -220.
AMA StyleJohn Kaiser Calautit, Ben Richard Hughes. CFD and experimental data of closed-loop wind tunnel flow. Data in Brief. 2016; 7 ():216-220.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn Kaiser Calautit; Ben Richard Hughes. 2016. "CFD and experimental data of closed-loop wind tunnel flow." Data in Brief 7, no. : 216-220.
A detailed Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and experimental investigation into characterizing the fluid flow and thermal profiles in a wind tunnel was carried out, highlighting the effect of progressive heating on the non-uniformity flow profile of air. Using controllable electrical heating elements, the operating temperatures in the test-section were gradually increased in order to determine its influence on the subsequent velocity and thermal profiles found inside the test-section. The numerical study was carried out using CFD FLUENT code, alongside validating the experimental results. Good correlation was observed as the comparison yielded a mean error of 6.4% for the air velocity parameter and 2.3% for the air temperature parameter between the two techniques. The good correlation established between the numerically predicted and experimentally tested results identified broad scope for using the advanced computational capabilities of CFD applicable to the thermal modeling of wind tunnels. For a constant temperature process, the non-uniformity and turbulence intensity in the test section was 0.9% and 0.5%, which is under the recommended guidelines for wind tunnels. The findings revealed that the increase in temperature from 20 °C to 50 °C reduced the velocity by 15.2% inside the test section.
Hassam Nasarullah Chaudhry; John Kaiser Calautit; Ben Richard Hughes; Lik Fang Sim. CFD and Experimental Study on the Effect of Progressive Heating on Fluid Flow inside a Thermal Wind Tunnel. Computation 2015, 3, 509 -527.
AMA StyleHassam Nasarullah Chaudhry, John Kaiser Calautit, Ben Richard Hughes, Lik Fang Sim. CFD and Experimental Study on the Effect of Progressive Heating on Fluid Flow inside a Thermal Wind Tunnel. Computation. 2015; 3 (4):509-527.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHassam Nasarullah Chaudhry; John Kaiser Calautit; Ben Richard Hughes; Lik Fang Sim. 2015. "CFD and Experimental Study on the Effect of Progressive Heating on Fluid Flow inside a Thermal Wind Tunnel." Computation 3, no. 4: 509-527.
The data presented in this article were the basis for the study reported in the research articles entitled 'Climate responsive behaviour heat pipe technology for enhanced passive airside cooling' by Chaudhry and Hughes [10] which presents the passive airside cooling capability of heat pipes in response to gradually varying external temperatures and related to the research article "CFD and wind tunnel study of the performance of a uni-directional wind catcher with heat transfer devices" by Calautit and Hughes [1] which compares the ventilation performance of a standard roof mounted wind catcher and wind catcher incorporating the heat pipe technology. Here, we detail the wind tunnel test set-up and inflow conditions and the methodologies for the transient heat pipe experiment and analysis of the integration of heat pipes within the control domain of a wind catcher design.
John Kaiser Calautit; Hassam Nasarullah Chaudhry; Ben Richard Hughes. Wind tunnel data of the analysis of heat pipe and wind catcher technology for the built environment. Data in Brief 2015, 5, 424 -8.
AMA StyleJohn Kaiser Calautit, Hassam Nasarullah Chaudhry, Ben Richard Hughes. Wind tunnel data of the analysis of heat pipe and wind catcher technology for the built environment. Data in Brief. 2015; 5 ():424-8.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn Kaiser Calautit; Hassam Nasarullah Chaudhry; Ben Richard Hughes. 2015. "Wind tunnel data of the analysis of heat pipe and wind catcher technology for the built environment." Data in Brief 5, no. : 424-8.
Mechanical Heating Ventilation and Air-Conditioning (HVAC) systems account for 60% of the total energy consumption of buildings. As a sector, buildings contributes about 40% of the total global energy demand. By using passive technology coupled with natural ventilation from wind towers, significant amounts of energy can be saved, reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases. In this study, the development of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis in aiding the development of wind towers was explored. Initial concepts of simple wind tower mechanics to detailed design of wind towers which integrate modifications specifically to improve the efficiency of wind towers were detailed. From this, using CFD analysis, heat transfer devices were integrated into a wind tower to provide cooling for incoming air, thus negating the reliance on mechanical HVAC systems. A commercial CFD code Fluent was used in this study to simulate the airflow inside the wind tower model with the heat transfer devices. Scaled wind tunnel testing was used to validate the computational model. The airflow supply velocity was measured and compared with the numerical results and good correlation was observed. Additionally, the spacing between the heat transfer devices was varied to optimise the performance. The technology presented here is subject to a patent application (PCT/GB2014/052263).
John Kaiser Calautit; Dominic O'connor; Polytimi Sofotasiou; Ben Richard Hughes. CFD Simulation and Optimisation of a Low Energy Ventilation and Cooling System. Computation 2015, 3, 128 -149.
AMA StyleJohn Kaiser Calautit, Dominic O'connor, Polytimi Sofotasiou, Ben Richard Hughes. CFD Simulation and Optimisation of a Low Energy Ventilation and Cooling System. Computation. 2015; 3 (2):128-149.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJohn Kaiser Calautit; Dominic O'connor; Polytimi Sofotasiou; Ben Richard Hughes. 2015. "CFD Simulation and Optimisation of a Low Energy Ventilation and Cooling System." Computation 3, no. 2: 128-149.