Patients with laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) often develop other malignancies, most commonly second primary lung cancer (SPLC). This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SPLC in LSCC patients and evaluate whether pulmonary nodules on baseline thoracic computed tomography (CT) predict SPLC development. In this single-center retrospective cohort study, 243 patients with LSCC diagnosed from 2017 to 2024 at the University Hospital of Split, Croatia, were followed, of whom 26 (10.7%) developed SPLC. The median time from LSCC to SPLC diagnosis was approximately 1.2 years. Patients with LSCC had an approximately eightfold higher risk of developing an SPLC than the general population (standardized incidence ratio [SIR] 8.40; 95% confidence interval [CI] 5.48–12.30). Pulmonary nodules at diagnosis were the only predictor associated with the development of an SPLC (hazard ratio [HR] 2.37; 95% CI 1.09–5.13; p = 0.029), although this association weakened and lost significance when the analysis was restricted to metachronous tumors (HR 1.84; 95% CI 0.71–4.77; p = 0.207). Metachronous tumors were predominantly squamous cell carcinomas (83.3%), whereas adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type among synchronous tumors (50.0%; p = 0.022). Patients with SPLC had a shorter overall survival than those without it (median 5.4 vs. 8.0 years; log-rank p = 0.016). The presence of pulmonary nodules at LSCC diagnosis was associated with a higher risk of SPLC. However, these findings originate from a single center, and further studies are needed to determine whether stratification based on initial radiological findings can improve early detection of SPLC in patients with LSCC.

Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a rare lymphoid neoplasm in which Hodgkin/Reed–Stenberg (HRS) cells are admixed with a population of non-neoplastic inflammatory cells and fibrosis. Dysregulated expressions of cell cycle regulators and transcription factors have been proven as one of the hallmarks of HL. In that context, SATB1 and p16 have been reported as potential regulators of HL progression and survival. However, to date, no studies have assessed the expression levels of SATB1 and p16 in HL in Croatian patients or their prognostic values. Therefore, we investigated the expression pattern of SATB1 and p16 in paraffin-embedded lymph node biopsies using standard immunohistochemistry. We found that 21% of the patients stained positive for SATB1, while 15% of the patients displayed positive staining for p16. Furthermore, we aimed to understand the prognostic value of each protein through the analysis of the overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). SATB1 showed a significantly positive correlation with better OS and PFS, while p16 expression had no impact. Interestingly, when patients were stratified by a combination of the two studied markers, we found that patients in the SATB1+/p16- group tended to have the best prognosis in HL, according to statistical significance. In conclusion, SATB1 and p16 might be potentially useful as diagnostic and prognostic markers for HL.