Sensors based on Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) have remarkable benefits like small size, fast response, wide sensing distribution, and immunity to electromagnetic interference, allowing for their widespread application in numerous domains of physical parameter measurement in industrial engineering. In this work, a temperature-independent sensor of the magnetic field based on FBG and the magnetostrictive material Terfenol-D is suggested. By exploiting the distributed sensing characteristic of FBG, a sensing structure that remains unaffected by temperature is designed. The results demonstrate that within the magnetic induction intensity range of 0 mT to 50 mT, the sensitivity of the sensor can reach 7.382 pm/mT, exhibiting good linearity and repeatability. Compared with the control experiment and other sensors of the magnetic field containing Terfenol-D, the sensor has higher sensitivity, better repeatability, and good temperature stability.

The athletes’ ability to control their elbow joint and hand gestures is essential to shooting accuracy in precision sports. Fiber Bragg Grating(FBG) technology can be used to monitor and analyze athlete’s movements in real time which could assist athletes and coaches in better understanding and refining their movements and enhance the effectiveness of training. In order to monitor hand gestures and elbow joint angles, a flexible distributed wearable FBG sensor is primarily introduced, with an emphasis on sensing characteristics, performance, functionality and system architecture design. FBG, the chosen basic device, is distinguished by its compact size, high sensitivity, and quick response. The system’s sensing mechanism is based on the fact that the stretching or bending of muscles from hand and elbow movements alter the FBG’s central wavelength. The experimental results demonstrate improvements in wearable comfort, linearity, structural simplicity, system sensitivity and stability. These findings will serve as a reference for the use of FBG in professional sports in the future for action recognition and professional sports apparel.

This work establishes a new paradigm for robust, real-time pH sensing by integrating a silane-coupled polyaniline (PANI) coating with an etched fiber Bragg grating (FBG). Unlike diffusion-reliant optical sensors, our design transduces pH via rapid polymer strain, achieving a sub-15-s response—four times faster than typical hydrogelbased sensors. The key innovation lies in a dual-optimization of etching and coating processes, secured by a silane coupling agent that eliminates PANI adhesion issues. This results in great stability: a minimal signal drift (RSD < 5.5%) over 10 days, extending the sensor’s lifespan by orders of magnitude compared to its nonsilane counterparts. Such a design introduces an innovative technological framework for the creation of dependable real-time pH monitoring systems, holding significant potential for applications in environmental surveillance and the biomedical sector.