The ongoing development of digital technologies, when used appropriately in diabetes care, has a significant impact on the management of patients with diabetes. New technologies enable the monitoring and adjustment of treatment in patients without the need for face-to-face appointments. The aim of this review is to discuss the role of continuous glucose monitoring, artificial intelligence, wearables, mobile applications and telemedicine in the development of diabetes care. Their clinical, organisational and social significance has been analysed. This is a review article based on publications from major biomedical databases.Reviewed articles provide evidence that continuous glucose monitoring is more accurate for assessing blood glucose levels than traditional glucose or HbA1c measurements. Artificial intelligence can be used to predict fluctuations in blood glucose levels and improve the personalization of clinical decisions. It has been shown to be particularly effective when combined with automated insulin delivery systems. Mobile devices and apps, as well as telemedicine, can increase patients’ interest in their own health and, consequently, their involvement in the treatment process; however, their value depends on the quality of the collected data, interoperability, clinical usability, and the ability of healthcare professionals to understand the generated reports. The use of digital tools is associated with cyber threats regarding data privacy, as well as inequalities in access to healthcare and trust in technology among patients. Future research should cover long-term effectiveness, safety, equitable access, and the methods of implementing this technology into everyday patient care.

Introduction and objectiveInflammatory bowel disease (IBD), leading to inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, causes a number of bothersome symptoms that contribute to the deterioration of patients' quality of life both physically and psychologically. Therapy methods based on pharmacotherapy in IBD often remain insufficient in the treatment of these disorders, so other factors affecting the course of IBD are being sought. The purpose of this review is to present risk and prevention factors for the development of inflammatory bowel disease based on diet and environmental factors. Abbreviated description of the state of knowledgeThe review has identified a number of factors that influence IBD. One of these is smoking, which shows a commonly detrimental effect on CD, while it has a protective effect in UC patients. Antibiotic therapy, by disrupting the composition of the endogenous intestinal microflora, contributes to an increased risk of IBD exacerbations. A review of the literature on surgical interventions does not allow a clear conclusion. Stress and psychiatric disorders increasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, inhibiting the anti-inflammatory action of the vagus nerve increase the risk of IBD exacerbations. A healthy and balanced diet is an important aspect in the treatment of UC and CD. Scientific societies unanimously recognize breastfeeding and its effect on the development of the intestinal microflora as an important protective factor. On the other hand, introducing an elimination diet without a food intolerance confirmed by a blood test is unjustified and harmful. SummaryAwareness of the risk factors for development and exacerbations in IBD patients is crucial. Further research into the impact of diet and environmental factors may support pharmacological treatment in achieving therapeutic success in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Oncology patients face numerous challenges resulting both from their underlying disease and from the adverse effects of anticancer treatment. Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is among the most serious complications associated with chemotherapy. The sensory and motor disturbances observed in the course of CIPN are often progressive and may be irreversible, while severe and chronic pain leads to a substantial reduction in patients’ quality of life (QoL). This narrative review summarizes currently available topical treatment options for CIPN, focusing on substances that have shown potential clinical benefit. The pathogenesis of CIPN remains incompletely understood, and existing treatment strategies are frequently insufficient or associated with significant adverse effects. Consequently, both the prevention and management of CIPN remain important challenges in contemporary medicine. Recently, increasing attention has been directed toward topically administered agents, including formulations based on phenytoin, lidocaine, amitriptyline, capsaicin, cannabinoids, duloxetine, ketamine, and baclofen. These therapies may alleviate neuropathic symptoms and improve QoL without the systemic complications commonly associated with oral or intravenous pharmacotherapy. The use of topical medications may also allow for a reduction in systemic analgesic doses and is often favored due to their more favorable safety profile. Therefore, topical agents should be considered promising therapeutic options aimed at minimizing systemic side effects and optimizing the current pharmacological management of patients with CIPN.

Autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders associated with streptococcal infections (PANDAS) are difficult to recognize and diagnose. Symptoms are non-specific, appear suddenly, and may be related to a prior Group A beta-haemolytic streptococcal infection. Limited research complicates treatment. The...

Introduction: Refusal of hospitalisation and DAMA in paediatric patients are insufficiently studied, especially in Poland and Central and Eastern Europe. These decisions may affect safety and care continuity and are shaped by medical and non-medical factors. Aim: To analyse the frequency, circumstances, and selected determinants of refusal of hospitalisation and DAMA among patients in the Pediatric Ward of the Independent Public Provincial Specialist Hospital in Chełm in 2013–2018. Material and methods: This retrospective study analysed medical records of patients under 18 years of age presenting to the Emergency Department, Admission Rooms, and Pediatric Ward. Patients recorded during the first 10 days of each month in 2013–2018 were included. Variables were age, sex, ICD-10 diagnosis, mode of admission, length of stay, and discharge type. Analysis used Microsoft Excel and R 4.0.5, with α = 0.05. Results and discussion: Among 6,525 analysed cases, refusal of hospitalisation occurred in 4.9% (n = 320). Among 2,315 hospitalised patients, discharge at the request of a legal guardian occurred in 11.4% (n = 263). DAMA patients were more often admitted by Emergency Medical Services than all cases (46.6% vs. 21.5%). Gastrointestinal disorders and infections were the most common diagnoses. Conclusions: Refusal of admission and DAMA were not rare in this paediatric population. Further prospective studies are needed to identify causes and support interventions aimed at reducing these events.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease that often begins in early childhood and significantly affects the quality of life of patients and their families. Conventional treatments include emollients, corticosteroids, and calcineurin inhibitors; however, these are often insufficient in moderate-to-severe cases. In recent years, novel targeted therapies, including biologics and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors, have shown promising clinical results in pediatric patients. Dupilumab and tralokinumab, monoclonal antibodies, have demonstrated significant improvement in AD symptoms, including reduction of pruritus and inflammation. JAK inhibitors, such as upadacitinib, abrocitinib, and baricitinib, modulate cytokine pathways involved in AD pathogenesis, leading to rapid and sustained improvement of skin lesions. These novel therapies exhibit favorable safety profiles and enable personalized approaches. This article reviews current evidence on the efficacy and safety of dupilumab, tralokinumab, and JAK inhibitors in the pediatric population, highlighting their role in modern AD management.