Food insecurity is a global public health problem characterised by the inability of individuals and households to regularly access sufficient, safe and nutritious food. The objective of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity and reliability of the Turkish adaptation of Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES) in the adult population. A total of 536 individuals (357 females, 179 males) with an average age of 30.1 ± 10.2 years were involved. Questionnaire consisted of two sections including socio-demographic characteristics and FIES. For the adaptation of the scale to Turkish, the translation-back translation method was employed, involving expert translators for both English-to-Turkish and Turkish-to-English translations. The validation process included confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to assess the model fit. Data were analyzed using fit indices, descriptive statistics, and CFA for model validation. The Cronbach’s alpha for the FIES was 0.85, indicating good reliability. In the fit index results, excellent fit was obtained for all indices ​​except the SRMR value, which showed a good fit. The outcomes of the excellence of fit indices were as follows: CMIN/df = 1.261, AFGI = 0.985, GFI = 0.991, IFI = 0.995, CFI = 0.995, RMSEA = 0.031, SRMR = 0.069. These results show that Turkish version of FIES has structural validity and reliability, internal consistency, and construct validity and reliability in assessing food insecurity in Turkish adult population. The strong psychometric properties of the scale suggest that it can be used in research and policy development processes related to food insecurity. Future studies can further strengthen the findings by evaluating the applicability of the FIES across different socioeconomic groups. Not applicable.

Purpose of the Review: The aim of this review is to discuss and evaluate diabetic sarcopenia (DS) and its relationship with nutrition by discussing the mechanisms of diabetic sarcopenia in detail and comprehensively reviewing the literature. Recent Findings: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) affects approximately 25% of people aged 50 years and over and indicates a significant the cost of health for the elderly. Nutrition is an important part of these treatment approaches, and in this review, the literature was comprehensively reviewed, focusing on understanding the mechanisms of DS and discussing its relationship with nutrition. A comprehensive search was conducted on Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, and PubMed from inception up to July 2024. The aim of nutritional treatment for DS is to improve muscle mass, muscle strength and physical performance while improving diabetes-related metabolic risk and glucose levels. In this context, it is important to determine energy intake in individuals with DS according to calorie intake exceeding 30 kcal/kg. For these individuals, a protein intake of at least 1–1.2 g/kg/day is recommended, with an emphasis on the number and timing of meals and a nutritional pattern rich in branched chain amino acids (BCAA). In addition, it is important to adopt a diet rich in antioxidants and to choose diet patterns that contain sufficient levels of macro and micronutrients. Summary: The Mediterranean diet model can be a good diet option for individuals with DS. Comprehensive studies in this field are needed so that clinicians can make specific dietary recommendations for DS.

Purpose of the Review: This review aims to provide an overview of the nutritional composition, bioactive compounds, and health-promoting properties of Aronia melanocarpa , with a particular focus on its antioxidant capacity and potential therapeutic applications in chronic disease prevention and management. Recent Findings: In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies indicate that Aronia melanocarpa exerts potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, anti-obesity, and anticancer effects, attributed mainly to its rich anthocyanin and procyanidin content. Human intervention trials have shown improved antioxidant status, lipid and glucose metabolism, vascular function, and inflammatory markers. However, some results remain inconclusive due to differences in cultivar, processing, dosage, and individuals. Supporting evidence from animal and cellular models highlights the regulation of NF-κB and AMPK signaling pathways, modulation of gut microbiota, and protective effects against metabolic and age-related disorders. Furthermore, novel applications in nanotechnology demonstrate that Aronia melanocarpa extracts can serve as eco-friendly agents in synthesizing bioactive nanoparticles with antioxidant, antimicrobial, and biomedical potential. Summary: Aronia melanocarpa is a promising functional food with strong potential for nutraceutical and therapeutic applications. While experimental evidence supports its health benefits, human clinical data remain insufficient to establish standardized dosage and long-term use recommendations. Future research should focus on well-designed clinical trials, bioavailability optimization, and fully elucidating the role of Aronia melanocarpa in health promotion and disease prevention.