This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Our study is the first to consider the changes in the entire set of matrix plant cell wall (PCW) polysaccharides in the course of a plant infectious disease. We compared the molecular weight distribution, monosaccharide content, and the epitope distribution of pectic compounds and cross-linking glycans in non-infected potato plants and plants infected with Pectobacterium atrosepticum at the initial and advanced stages of plant colonization by the pathogen. To predict the gene products involved in the modification of the PCW polysaccharide skeleton during the infection, the expression profiles of potato and P. atrosepticum PCW-related genes were analyzed by RNA-Seq along with phylogenetic analysis. The assemblage of P. atrosepticum biofilm-like structures—the bacterial emboli—and the accumulation of specific fragments of pectic compounds that prime the formation of these structures were demonstrated within potato plants (a natural host of P. atrosepticum). Collenchyma was shown to be the most “vulnerable” tissue to P. atrosepticum among the potato stem tissues. The infection caused by the representative of the Soft Rot Pectobacteriaceae was shown to affect not only pectic compounds but also cross-linking glycans; the content of the latter was increased in the infected plants compared to the non-infected ones.
Vladimir Gorshkov; Ivan Tsers; Bakhtiyar Islamov; Marina Ageeva; Natalia Gogoleva; Polina Mikshina; Olga Parfirova; Olga Gogoleva; Olga Petrova; Tatyana Gorshkova; Yuri Gogolev. The Modification of Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides in Potato Plants during Pectobacterium atrosepticum-Caused Infection. Plants 2021, 10, 1407 .
AMA StyleVladimir Gorshkov, Ivan Tsers, Bakhtiyar Islamov, Marina Ageeva, Natalia Gogoleva, Polina Mikshina, Olga Parfirova, Olga Gogoleva, Olga Petrova, Tatyana Gorshkova, Yuri Gogolev. The Modification of Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides in Potato Plants during Pectobacterium atrosepticum-Caused Infection. Plants. 2021; 10 (7):1407.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVladimir Gorshkov; Ivan Tsers; Bakhtiyar Islamov; Marina Ageeva; Natalia Gogoleva; Polina Mikshina; Olga Parfirova; Olga Gogoleva; Olga Petrova; Tatyana Gorshkova; Yuri Gogolev. 2021. "The Modification of Plant Cell Wall Polysaccharides in Potato Plants during Pectobacterium atrosepticum-Caused Infection." Plants 10, no. 7: 1407.
Xylem fibers are highly elongated cells that are key constituents of wood, play major physiological roles in plants, comprise an important terrestrial carbon reservoir, and thus have enormous ecological and economic importance. As they develop, from fusiform initials, their bodies remain the same length while their tips elongate and intrude into intercellular spaces. To elucidate mechanisms of tip elongation, we studied the cell wall along the length of isolated elongating aspen xylem fibers and used computer simulations to predict the forces driving the intercellular space formation required for their growth. We found pectin matrix epitopes (JIM5, LM7) concentrated at the tips where cellulose microfibrils have transverse orientation, and xyloglucan epitopes (CCRC-M89, CCRC-M58) in fiber bodies where microfibrils are disordered. These features are accompanied by changes in cell wall thickness, indicating that while the cell wall elongates strictly at the tips, it is deposited all over fibers. Computer modeling revealed that the intercellular space formation needed for intrusive growth may only require targeted release of cell adhesion, which allows turgor pressure in neighboring fiber cells to "round" the cells creating spaces. These characteristics show that xylem fibers’ elongation involves a distinct mechanism that combines features of both diffuse and tip growth.
Mateusz Majda; Liudmila Kozlova; Alicja Banasiak; Marta Derba‐Maceluch; Igor A. Iashchishyn; Ludmilla A. Morozova‐Roche; Richard S. Smith; Tatyana Gorshkova; Ewa J. Mellerowicz. Elongation of wood fibers combines features of diffuse and tip growth. New Phytologist 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleMateusz Majda, Liudmila Kozlova, Alicja Banasiak, Marta Derba‐Maceluch, Igor A. Iashchishyn, Ludmilla A. Morozova‐Roche, Richard S. Smith, Tatyana Gorshkova, Ewa J. Mellerowicz. Elongation of wood fibers combines features of diffuse and tip growth. New Phytologist. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMateusz Majda; Liudmila Kozlova; Alicja Banasiak; Marta Derba‐Maceluch; Igor A. Iashchishyn; Ludmilla A. Morozova‐Roche; Richard S. Smith; Tatyana Gorshkova; Ewa J. Mellerowicz. 2021. "Elongation of wood fibers combines features of diffuse and tip growth." New Phytologist , no. : 1.
Plant fibers constitute a major part of renewable biomass and are a valuable resource for various industries, composite material chemistry, and bioconversion processes. Plant fibers are specialized long cells with thick cell walls that are a convenient model for investigating fundamental issues such as individual cell biogenesis, cell wall formation, and cell specialization. Plant fibers usually accumulate secondary cell walls, which contain lignin, cellulose, and hemicelluloses like xylan, and are laid over thin primary cell walls.
Natalia Mokshina; Oleg Gorshkov; Hironori Takasaki; Hitomi Onodera; Shingo Sakamoto; Tatyana Gorshkova; Nobutaka Mitsuda. FIBexDB: a new online transcriptome platform to analyze development of plant cellulosic fibers. New Phytologist 2021, 231, 512 -515.
AMA StyleNatalia Mokshina, Oleg Gorshkov, Hironori Takasaki, Hitomi Onodera, Shingo Sakamoto, Tatyana Gorshkova, Nobutaka Mitsuda. FIBexDB: a new online transcriptome platform to analyze development of plant cellulosic fibers. New Phytologist. 2021; 231 (2):512-515.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatalia Mokshina; Oleg Gorshkov; Hironori Takasaki; Hitomi Onodera; Shingo Sakamoto; Tatyana Gorshkova; Nobutaka Mitsuda. 2021. "FIBexDB: a new online transcriptome platform to analyze development of plant cellulosic fibers." New Phytologist 231, no. 2: 512-515.
Plant fibres and especially flax can be distinguished from most synthetic fibres by their intricate shape and intrinsic porosity called lumen, which is usually assumed to be tubular. However, the real shape appears more complex and thus might induce stress concentrations influencing the fibre performance. This study proposes a novel representation of flax fibre lumen and its variations along the fibre, an interpretation of its origin and effect on flax fibre tensile properties. This investigation was conducted at the crossroads of complementary characterization techniques: optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high-resolution X-ray microtomography (µCT) and mechanical tests at the cell-wall and fibre scale by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in Peak-Force Quantitative Nano-Mechanical property mapping (PF-QNM) mode and micromechanical tensile testing. Converging results highlight the difficulty of drawing a single geometric reference for the lumen. AFM and optical microscopy depict central cavities of different sizes and shapes. Porosity contents, varying from 0.4 to 7.2%, are estimated by high-resolution µCT. Furthermore, variations of lumen size are reported along the fibres. This intricate lumen shape might originate from the cell wall thickening and cell death but particular attention should also be paid to the effects of post mortem processes such as drying, retting and mechanical extraction of the fibre as well as sample preparation. Finally, SEM observation following tensile testing demonstrates the combined effect of geometrical inhomogeneities such as defects and intricate lumen porosity to drive the failure of the fibre.
Emmanuelle Richely; Sylvie Durand; Alessia Melelli; Alexander Kao; Anthony Magueresse; Hom Dhakal; Tatyana Gorshkova; Franck Callebert; Alain Bourmaud; Johnny Beaugrand; Sofiane Guessasma. Novel Insight into the Intricate Shape of Flax Fibre Lumen. Fibers 2021, 9, 24 .
AMA StyleEmmanuelle Richely, Sylvie Durand, Alessia Melelli, Alexander Kao, Anthony Magueresse, Hom Dhakal, Tatyana Gorshkova, Franck Callebert, Alain Bourmaud, Johnny Beaugrand, Sofiane Guessasma. Novel Insight into the Intricate Shape of Flax Fibre Lumen. Fibers. 2021; 9 (4):24.
Chicago/Turabian StyleEmmanuelle Richely; Sylvie Durand; Alessia Melelli; Alexander Kao; Anthony Magueresse; Hom Dhakal; Tatyana Gorshkova; Franck Callebert; Alain Bourmaud; Johnny Beaugrand; Sofiane Guessasma. 2021. "Novel Insight into the Intricate Shape of Flax Fibre Lumen." Fibers 9, no. 4: 24.
The goal of any plant breeding program is to improve quality of a target crop. Crop quality is a comprehensive feature largely determined by biological background. To improve the quality parameters of crops grown for the production of fiber, a functional approach was used to search for genes suitable for the effective manipulation of technical fiber quality. A key step was to identify genes with tissue and stage-specific pattern of expression in the developing fibers. In the current study, we investigated the relationship between gene expression evaluated in bast fibers of developing flax plants and the quality parameters of technical fibers measured after plant harvesting. Based on previously published transcriptomic data, two sets of genes that are upregulated in fibers during intrusive growth and tertiary cell wall deposition were selected. The expression level of the selected genes and fiber quality parameters were measured in fiber flax, linseed (oil flax) cultivars, and wild species that differ in type of yield and fiber quality parameters. Based on gene expression data, linear regression models for technical stem length, fiber tensile strength, and fiber flexibility were constructed, resulting in the identification of genes that have high potential for manipulating fiber quality. Chromosomal localization and single nucleotide polymorphism distribution in the selected genes were characterized for the efficacy of their use in conventional breeding and genome editing programs. Transcriptome-based selection is a highly targeted functional approach that could be used during the development of new cultivars of various crops.
Dmitry Galinousky; Natalia Mokshina; Tsimafei Padvitski; Marina Ageeva; Victor Bogdan; Alexander Kilchevsky; Tatyana Gorshkova. The Toolbox for Fiber Flax Breeding: A Pipeline From Gene Expression to Fiber Quality. Frontiers in Genetics 2020, 11, 1 .
AMA StyleDmitry Galinousky, Natalia Mokshina, Tsimafei Padvitski, Marina Ageeva, Victor Bogdan, Alexander Kilchevsky, Tatyana Gorshkova. The Toolbox for Fiber Flax Breeding: A Pipeline From Gene Expression to Fiber Quality. Frontiers in Genetics. 2020; 11 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDmitry Galinousky; Natalia Mokshina; Tsimafei Padvitski; Marina Ageeva; Victor Bogdan; Alexander Kilchevsky; Tatyana Gorshkova. 2020. "The Toolbox for Fiber Flax Breeding: A Pipeline From Gene Expression to Fiber Quality." Frontiers in Genetics 11, no. : 1.
The interplay between different signaling pathways that occurs during the development of a root system is investigated by considering, by way of example, the role of effectors of the Ca2+ signaling system and a rhizogenesis-stimulating oligosaccharin (OSRG) on the indoleacetic acid (IAA)-induced formation of adventitious roots. By identifying the sensitivity of different stages of rhizogenesis in cultivated buckwheat hypocotyls (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) to IAA, Ca2+, and the oligosaccharin, it is shown that both Ca2+ and OSRG affect the root formation processes at its initial stages, preceding the effect of the hormone. Auxin can be added to the medium with some delay but no later than 1 h after the explant cultivation was started; while Ca2+ must be present in the medium from the very beginning of cultivation process. The number of IAA-induced adventitious roots on segments of buckwheat hypocotyls decreases in the presence of Ca2+ channel blockers (verapamil and diltiazem), compounds affecting Ca2+-release from intracellular storages (ruthenium red, neomycin), and calmodulin-antagonists (chlorpromazine and fluphenazine). Using calcium channel blocker (diltiazem), it is shown that the effect caused by the oligosaccharin does not depend on the functioning of potential-dependent channels of plasma membrane. The analysis of transcriptome profiling data for the cultivated explants identifies the expression of 149 genes (TGR > 5) relevant to Ca2+ signaling in investigated specimens. The expression profile of these genes changes markedly during IAA-induced root formation, while the addition of OSRG affecting the expression of only few of those.
I. A. Larskaya; O. V. Gorshkov; O. I. Trofimova; Tatyana Gorshkova. The Influence of Effectors of the Ca2+ Signaling System and Oligosaccharin OSRG on IAA-Induced Formation of Adventitious Roots on Explants of Buckwheat Hypocotyls. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 2020, 67, 626 -635.
AMA StyleI. A. Larskaya, O. V. Gorshkov, O. I. Trofimova, Tatyana Gorshkova. The Influence of Effectors of the Ca2+ Signaling System and Oligosaccharin OSRG on IAA-Induced Formation of Adventitious Roots on Explants of Buckwheat Hypocotyls. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. 2020; 67 (4):626-635.
Chicago/Turabian StyleI. A. Larskaya; O. V. Gorshkov; O. I. Trofimova; Tatyana Gorshkova. 2020. "The Influence of Effectors of the Ca2+ Signaling System and Oligosaccharin OSRG on IAA-Induced Formation of Adventitious Roots on Explants of Buckwheat Hypocotyls." Russian Journal of Plant Physiology 67, no. 4: 626-635.
The dynamics of cell wall polysaccharides may modulate the cell wall mechanics and thus control the expansion growth of plant cells. The unique composition of type II primary cell wall characteristic of grasses suggests that they employ specific mechanisms for cell enlargement. We characterized the transcriptomes in five zones along maize root, clustered the expression of genes for numerous glycosyltransferases and performed extensive immunohistochemical analysis to relate the changes in cell wall polysaccharides to critical stages of cell development in Poaceae. Specific patterns of cell wall formation differentiate the initiation, realization and cessation of elongation growth. Cell walls of meristem and early elongation zone represent a mixture of type I and type II specific polysaccharides. Xyloglucans and homogalacturonans are synthesized there actively together with mixed-linkage glucans and glucuronoarabinoxylans. Rhamnogalacturonans-I with the side-chains of branched 1,4-galactan and arabinan persisted in cell walls throughout the development. Thus, the machinery to generate the type I primary cell wall constituents is completely established and operates. The expression of glycosyltransferases responsible for mixed-linkage glucan and glucuronoarabinoxylan synthesis peaks at active or late elongation. These findings widen the number of jigsaw pieces which should be put together to solve the puzzle of grass cell growth.
Liudmila V. Kozlova; Alsu R. Nazipova; Oleg V. Gorshkov; Anna A. Petrova; Tatyana Gorshkova. Elongating maize root: zone-specific combinations of polysaccharides from type I and type II primary cell walls. Scientific Reports 2020, 10, 1 .
AMA StyleLiudmila V. Kozlova, Alsu R. Nazipova, Oleg V. Gorshkov, Anna A. Petrova, Tatyana Gorshkova. Elongating maize root: zone-specific combinations of polysaccharides from type I and type II primary cell walls. Scientific Reports. 2020; 10 (1):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiudmila V. Kozlova; Alsu R. Nazipova; Oleg V. Gorshkov; Anna A. Petrova; Tatyana Gorshkova. 2020. "Elongating maize root: zone-specific combinations of polysaccharides from type I and type II primary cell walls." Scientific Reports 10, no. 1: 1.
Plant fibers, owing to their unique properties, have been used by mankind for the production of textiles and composite materials for thousands of years. Currently, the use of plant fibers in various innovative fields has become very popular as they are an environmentally friendly, biodegradable, and renewable resource. Each of the numerous fiber-consuming industrial fields has special demands on the properties of fiber. The quality of plant fibers is a multicomponent parameter that depends on morphological and anatomical characteristics, as well as on the structure and proportions of fiber bundle chemical constituents. These features are formed during plant ontogenesis and can be subjected to management by manipulating the key stages of fiber development: fiber elongation by intrusive growth and cell wall thickening. To determine the molecular keys for manipulating certain fiber features related to crop quality, we summarized the RNA-Seq data obtained for different flax tissues and revealed the genes specifically upregulated in bast fibers. These genes were additionally subdivided into three groups considering the differential expression of the genes at the stage of fiber intrusive elongation versus the stage of cell wall thickening. The first group included genes specifically expressed in fibers without differential expression at the two stages. The second included those upregulated at the intrusive elongation stage compared to the further stage of development, and the third included those upregulated at tertiary cell wall deposition. The qPCR analysis of the expression level of the selected genes in fibers isolated from the developing plants of several varieties of fiber and linseed, Linum usitatissimum, as well as of two wild flax species revealed that the samples cluster into different groups in accordance with bast fiber yield and quality. The genes with tissue- and stage-specific characters of expression provide new insights into the mechanisms of fiber development and may serve as a target for molecular-genetic modulation of crop quality, as there is a high possibility of exclusively affecting bast fiber parameters, without influencing other tissues.
Natalia Mokshina; Oleg Gorshkov; Dmitry Galinousky; Tatyana Gorshkova. Genes with bast fiber-specific expression in flax plants - Molecular keys for targeted fiber crop improvement. Industrial Crops and Products 2020, 152, 112549 .
AMA StyleNatalia Mokshina, Oleg Gorshkov, Dmitry Galinousky, Tatyana Gorshkova. Genes with bast fiber-specific expression in flax plants - Molecular keys for targeted fiber crop improvement. Industrial Crops and Products. 2020; 152 ():112549.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatalia Mokshina; Oleg Gorshkov; Dmitry Galinousky; Tatyana Gorshkova. 2020. "Genes with bast fiber-specific expression in flax plants - Molecular keys for targeted fiber crop improvement." Industrial Crops and Products 152, no. : 112549.
Cellulose synthase-like (CSL) genes encode glycosyltransferases thought to be involved in the biosynthesis of cell wall non-cellulosic polysaccharides; however, the exact function is not established yet for many of them. We performed a bioinformatics search of CSL genes in the flax genome, their phylogenetic analysis and evaluated expression of CSL genes in the course of plant development and in various plant parts. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to examine expression of CSL genes in several fiber-containing samples of two flax subspecies at seedlings, rapid growth and budding stages. One of the studied subspecies is fiber flax (cultivar Blakit) that was developed to produce high-quality fiber and another one is dehiscent flax that is not used for fiber production. Our study has revealed that the LusCSLD3 and LusCSLG3.2/3.3 genes were highly expressed in all studied samples and their expression was comparable with the expression of cellulose synthase genes involved in secondary cell wall development (LusCESA4 and LusCESA7-B) at rapid growth and budding stages. LusCSLB4 gene had a strong expression in seedling samples only. We have found that LusCSL gene expression profiles from the two phenotypically distinct flax subspecies are more different at the seedling stage than at the later developmental stages—expression of LusCSL was higher in fiber flax Blakit at the seedling stage as compared to dehiscent flax. Analysis of data from RNA-Seq experiments performed on various parts of flax plants revealed that LusCSLG with unknown substrate activity could be a specific glycosyltransferase involved in the synthesis of a non-cellulosic polysaccharide composing the fiber cell wall. Our findings lay the foundation for the understanding of the fiber cell-wall biogenesis and suggest characteristic features of this process in the cultivated flax.
Dmitry Galinousky; Tsimafei Padvitski; Natalia Mokshina; Oleg Gorshkov; Lubov Khotyleva; Tatyana Gorshkova; Alexandr Kilchevsky. Expression of cellulose synthase-like genes in two phenotypically distinct flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) subspecies. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 2020, 67, 1821 -1837.
AMA StyleDmitry Galinousky, Tsimafei Padvitski, Natalia Mokshina, Oleg Gorshkov, Lubov Khotyleva, Tatyana Gorshkova, Alexandr Kilchevsky. Expression of cellulose synthase-like genes in two phenotypically distinct flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) subspecies. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution. 2020; 67 (7):1821-1837.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDmitry Galinousky; Tsimafei Padvitski; Natalia Mokshina; Oleg Gorshkov; Lubov Khotyleva; Tatyana Gorshkova; Alexandr Kilchevsky. 2020. "Expression of cellulose synthase-like genes in two phenotypically distinct flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) subspecies." Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 67, no. 7: 1821-1837.
Cell wall thickening and development of secondary cell walls was a major step in plant terrestrialization that provided the mechanical support, effective functioning of water-conducting elements and fortification of the surface tissues. Despite its importance, the diversity, emergence and evolution of secondary cell walls in early land plants have been characterized quite poorly. Secondary cell walls can be present in different cell types with fibers being among the major ones. The necessity for mechanical support upon increasing plant height is widely recognized; however, identification of fibers in land plants of early taxa is quite limited. In an effort to partially fill this gap, we studied the fibers and the composition of cell walls in stems of the sporophyte of the living fossil Psilotum nudum. Various types of light microscopy, combined with partial tissue maceration demonstrated that this perennial, rootless, fern-like vascular plant, has abundant fibers located in the middle cortex. Extensive immunodetection of cell wall polymers together with various staining and monosaccharide analysis of cell wall constituents revealed that in P. nudum, the secondary cell wall of its cortical fibers is distinct from that of its tracheids. Primary cell walls of all tissues in P. nudum shoots are based on mannan, which is also common in other extant early land plants. Besides, the primary cell wall contains epitope for LM15 specific for xyloglucan and JIM7 that binds methylesterified homogalacturonans, two polymers common in the primary cell walls of higher plants. Xylan and lignin were detected as the major polymers in the secondary cell walls of P. nudum tracheids. However, the secondary cell wall in its cortical fibers is quite similar to their primary cell walls, i.e., enriched in mannan. The innermost secondary cell wall layer of its fibers but not its tracheids has epitope to bind the LM15, LM6, and LM5 antibodies recognizing, respectively, xyloglucan, arabinan and galactan. Together, our data provide the first description of a mannan-based cell wall in sclerenchyma fibers, and demonstrate in detail that the composition and structure of secondary cell wall in early land plants are not uniform in different tissues.
Tatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Polina Mikshina; Oksana Trofimova; Liudmila Kozlova; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova. The Living Fossil Psilotum nudum Has Cortical Fibers With Mannan-Based Cell Wall Matrix. Frontiers in Plant Science 2020, 11, 1 .
AMA StyleTatyana Chernova, Marina Ageeva, Polina Mikshina, Oksana Trofimova, Liudmila Kozlova, Simcha Lev-Yadun, Tatyana Gorshkova. The Living Fossil Psilotum nudum Has Cortical Fibers With Mannan-Based Cell Wall Matrix. Frontiers in Plant Science. 2020; 11 ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatyana Chernova; Marina Ageeva; Polina Mikshina; Oksana Trofimova; Liudmila Kozlova; Simcha Lev-Yadun; Tatyana Gorshkova. 2020. "The Living Fossil Psilotum nudum Has Cortical Fibers With Mannan-Based Cell Wall Matrix." Frontiers in Plant Science 11, no. : 1.
The stems of flax (Linum usitatissimum L. cv. ‘Mogilevsky’) contain many gelatinous fibers in their phloem. These fibers are important for the mechanical stability of the plant as well as for industrial applications. Gelatinous fibers are known to have a motor function in the xylem of trees and in many plant organs. This function arises from the so-called maturation strain, i.e., the tendency of the gelatinous layer to shrink during fiber maturation, resulting in a state of residual tensile stress. However, the occurrence of tensile maturation strain in flax phloem fibers remains to be demonstrated, and its magnitude has never been evaluated. Here we present a novel method to highlight and quantify this strain. The method consists in splitting a stem segment longitudinally, and measuring the curvature of the half segments through their opening distance. By using a mechanical model, the maturation strain can be calculated from the curvature, the dimensions of the component tissues, and their elastic properties. The model is validated by the agreement between model predictions and observations. The splitting experiment provides qualitative evidence that flax phloem develops tensile stress during maturation, just as xylem gelatinous fibers do. Calculations enable quantitative estimation of the maturation strain. The magnitude of this strain for the material studied is, on average, –1.5%.
Tancrède Alméras; Anna Petrova; Liudmila Kozlova; Joseph Gril; Tatyana Gorshkova. Evidence and quantitative evaluation of tensile maturation strain in flax phloem through longitudinal splitting. Botany 2020, 98, 9 -19.
AMA StyleTancrède Alméras, Anna Petrova, Liudmila Kozlova, Joseph Gril, Tatyana Gorshkova. Evidence and quantitative evaluation of tensile maturation strain in flax phloem through longitudinal splitting. Botany. 2020; 98 (1):9-19.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTancrède Alméras; Anna Petrova; Liudmila Kozlova; Joseph Gril; Tatyana Gorshkova. 2020. "Evidence and quantitative evaluation of tensile maturation strain in flax phloem through longitudinal splitting." Botany 98, no. 1: 9-19.
Oligosaccharins, which are biologically active oligosaccharide fragments of cell wall polysaccharides, may regulate the processes of growth and development as well as the response to stress factors. We characterized the effect of the oligosaccharin that stimulates rhizogenesis (OSRG) on the gene expression profile in the course of IAA-induced formation of adventitious roots in hypocotyl explants of buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench.). The transcriptomes at two stages of IAA-induced root primordium formation (6 h and 24 h after induction) were compared after either treatment with auxin alone or joint treatment with auxin and OSRG. The set of differentially expressed genes indicated the special importance of oligosaccharin at the early stage of auxin-induced adventitious root formation. The list of genes with altered mRNA abundance in the presence of oligosaccharin included those, which Arabidopsis homologs encode proteins directly involved in the response to auxin as well as proteins that contribute to redox regulation, detoxification of various compounds, vesicle trafficking, and cell wall modification. The obtained results contribute to understanding the mechanism of adventitious root formation and demonstrate that OSRG is involved in fine-tuning of ROS and auxin regulatory modes involved in root development.
Irina Larskaya; Oleg Gorshkov; Natalia Mokshina; Oksana Trofimova; Polina Mikshina; Anna Klepikova; Natalia Gogoleva; Tatyana Gorshkova. Stimulation of adventitious root formation by the oligosaccharin OSRG at the transcriptome level. Plant Signaling & Behavior 2019, 15, 1703503 .
AMA StyleIrina Larskaya, Oleg Gorshkov, Natalia Mokshina, Oksana Trofimova, Polina Mikshina, Anna Klepikova, Natalia Gogoleva, Tatyana Gorshkova. Stimulation of adventitious root formation by the oligosaccharin OSRG at the transcriptome level. Plant Signaling & Behavior. 2019; 15 (1):1703503.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIrina Larskaya; Oleg Gorshkov; Natalia Mokshina; Oksana Trofimova; Polina Mikshina; Anna Klepikova; Natalia Gogoleva; Tatyana Gorshkova. 2019. "Stimulation of adventitious root formation by the oligosaccharin OSRG at the transcriptome level." Plant Signaling & Behavior 15, no. 1: 1703503.
The mechanical properties of cell walls play a vital role in plant development. Atomic-force microscopy (AFM) is widely used for characterization of these properties. However, only surface or isolated plant cells have been used for such investigations, at least as non-embedded samples. Theories that claim a restrictive role of a particular tissue in plant growth cannot be confirmed without direct measurement of the mechanical properties of internal tissue cell walls. Here we report an approach of assessing the nanomechanical properties of primary cell walls in the inner tissues of growing plant organs. The procedure does not include fixation, resin-embedding or drying of plant material. Vibratome-derived longitudinal and transverse sections of maize root were investigated by AFM in a liquid cell to track the changes of cell wall stiffness and elasticity accompanying elongation growth. Apparent Young's modulus values and stiffness of stele periclinal cell walls in the elongation zone of maize root were lower than in the meristem, i.e., cell walls became more elastic and less resistant to an applied force during their elongation. The trend was confirmed using either a sharp or spherical probe. The availability of such a method may promote our understanding of individual tissue roles in the plant growth processes.
Liudmila Kozlova; Anna Petrova; Boris Ananchenko; Tatyana Gorshkova. Assessment of Primary Cell Wall Nanomechanical Properties in Internal Cells of Non-Fixed Maize Roots. Plants 2019, 8, 172 .
AMA StyleLiudmila Kozlova, Anna Petrova, Boris Ananchenko, Tatyana Gorshkova. Assessment of Primary Cell Wall Nanomechanical Properties in Internal Cells of Non-Fixed Maize Roots. Plants. 2019; 8 (6):172.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiudmila Kozlova; Anna Petrova; Boris Ananchenko; Tatyana Gorshkova. 2019. "Assessment of Primary Cell Wall Nanomechanical Properties in Internal Cells of Non-Fixed Maize Roots." Plants 8, no. 6: 172.
Functionally distinct polymers organized on the basis of rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I) backbone with more than a half of rhamnose residues substituted by the side chains containing mostly galactose were purified from flaxseed mucilage, the primary cell wall of young hypocotyls and tertiary cell walls of bast fibers and characterized by atomic force microscopy. Seed mucilage RG-I with short side chains and unusual O3 substitution showed loose coils or star-like conformations. Primary cell wall RG-I, which included polygalacturonan (PGA) fragments, represented micellar objects and rare long chains. Pure RG-I with long galactan side chains, which was isolated as nascent polysaccharide before its incorporation into the tertiary cell wall of bast fibers was observed as long unbranched objects. RG-I entrapped by cellulose microfibrils in tertiary cell wall was visualized as compact micellar complexes. All types of flax RGs-I tended to aggregate. Relationships between RG-I structure and morphology are discussed.
Anna A. Petrova; Liudmila V. Kozlova; Ilzira Z. Gaifullina; Boris A. Ananchenko; Ekaterina A. Martinson; Polina V. Mikshina; Tatyana A. Gorshkova. AFM analysis reveals polymorphism of purified flax rhamnogalacturonans I of distinct functional types. Carbohydrate Polymers 2019, 216, 238 -246.
AMA StyleAnna A. Petrova, Liudmila V. Kozlova, Ilzira Z. Gaifullina, Boris A. Ananchenko, Ekaterina A. Martinson, Polina V. Mikshina, Tatyana A. Gorshkova. AFM analysis reveals polymorphism of purified flax rhamnogalacturonans I of distinct functional types. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2019; 216 ():238-246.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnna A. Petrova; Liudmila V. Kozlova; Ilzira Z. Gaifullina; Boris A. Ananchenko; Ekaterina A. Martinson; Polina V. Mikshina; Tatyana A. Gorshkova. 2019. "AFM analysis reveals polymorphism of purified flax rhamnogalacturonans I of distinct functional types." Carbohydrate Polymers 216, no. : 238-246.
Phloem fibers are important elements of plant architecture and the target product of many fiber crops. A key stage in fiber development is intrusive elongation, the mechanisms of which are largely unknown. Integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression profiles in intrusivelygrowing fibers obtained by laser microdissection from flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) stem revealed all 124 known flax miRNA from 23 gene families and the potential targets of differentially expressed miRNAs. A comparison of the expression between phloem fibers at different developmental stages, and parenchyma and xylem tissues demonstrated that members of miR159, miR166, miR167, miR319, miR396 families were down-regulated in intrusively growing fibers. Some putative target genes of these miRNA families, such as those putatively encoding growth-regulating factors, an argonaute family protein, and a homeobox-leucine zipper family protein were up-regulated in elongating fibers. miR160, miR169, miR390, and miR394 showed increased expression. Changes in the expression levels of miRNAs and their target genes did not match expectations for the majority of predicted target genes. Taken together, poorly understood intrusive fiber elongation, the key process of phloem fiber development, was characterized from a miRNA-target point of view, giving new insights into its regulation.
Oleg Gorshkov; Tatyana Chernova; Natalia Mokshina; Natalia Gogoleva; Dmitry Suslov; Alexander Tkachenko; Tatyana Gorshkova. Intrusive Growth of Phloem Fibers in Flax Stem: Integrated Analysis of miRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles. Plants 2019, 8, 47 .
AMA StyleOleg Gorshkov, Tatyana Chernova, Natalia Mokshina, Natalia Gogoleva, Dmitry Suslov, Alexander Tkachenko, Tatyana Gorshkova. Intrusive Growth of Phloem Fibers in Flax Stem: Integrated Analysis of miRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles. Plants. 2019; 8 (2):47.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOleg Gorshkov; Tatyana Chernova; Natalia Mokshina; Natalia Gogoleva; Dmitry Suslov; Alexander Tkachenko; Tatyana Gorshkova. 2019. "Intrusive Growth of Phloem Fibers in Flax Stem: Integrated Analysis of miRNA and mRNA Expression Profiles." Plants 8, no. 2: 47.
Rhamnogalacturonan lyases (RGLs; EC 4.2.2.23) degrade the rhamnogalacturonan I (RG‐I) backbone of pectins present in the plant cell wall. These enzymes belong to polysaccharide lyase family 4, members of which are mainly from plants and plant pathogens. RGLs are investigated, as a rule, as pathogen "weapons" for plant cell wall degradation and subsequent infection. Despite the presence of genes annotated as RGLs in plant genomes and the presence of substrates for enzyme activity in plant cells, evidence supporting the involvement of this enzyme in certain processes is limited. The differential expression of some RGL genes in flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) tissues, revealed in our previous work, prompted us to carry out a total revision (phylogenetic analysis, analysis of expression, and protein structure modeling) of all the sequences of flax predicted as coding for RGLs. Comparison of the expressions of LusRGL in various tissues of flax stem revealed that LusRGLs belong to distinct phylogenetic clades, which correspond to two co‐expression groups. One of these groups comprised LusRGL6‐A and LusRGL6‐B genes and was specifically up‐regulated in flax fibers during deposition of the tertiary cell wall, which has complex RG‐I as a key non‐cellulosic component. The results of homology modeling and docking demonstrated that the topology of the LusRGL6‐A catalytic site allowed binding to the RG‐I ligand. These findings lead us to suggest the presence of RGL activity in planta and the involvement of special isoforms of RGLs in the modification of RG‐I of the tertiary cell wall in plant fibers. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Natalia Mokshina; Olga Makshakova; Alsu Nazipova; Oleg Gorshkov; Tatyana Gorshkova. Flax rhamnogalacturonan lyases: phylogeny, differential expression and modeling of protein structure. Physiologia Plantarum 2018, 167, 173 -187.
AMA StyleNatalia Mokshina, Olga Makshakova, Alsu Nazipova, Oleg Gorshkov, Tatyana Gorshkova. Flax rhamnogalacturonan lyases: phylogeny, differential expression and modeling of protein structure. Physiologia Plantarum. 2018; 167 (2):173-187.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNatalia Mokshina; Olga Makshakova; Alsu Nazipova; Oleg Gorshkov; Tatyana Gorshkova. 2018. "Flax rhamnogalacturonan lyases: phylogeny, differential expression and modeling of protein structure." Physiologia Plantarum 167, no. 2: 173-187.
The intrusive growth, a type of plant cell elongation occurring in the depths of plant tissues, is characterized by the invasion of a growing cell between its neighbours due to a higher rate of elongation. In order to reveal the largely unknown molecular mechanisms of intrusive growth, we isolated primary flax phloem fibers specifically at the stage of intrusive growth by laser microdissection. The comparison of the RNA-Seq data from several flax stem parts enabled the characterization of those processes occurring specifically during the fiber intrusive elongation. The revealed molecular players are summarized as those involved in the supply of assimilates and support of turgor pressure, cell wall enlargement and modification, regulation by transcription factors and hormones, and responses to abiotic stress factors. The data obtained in this study provide a solid basis for developing approaches to manipulate fiber intrusive elongation, which is of importance both for plant biology and the yield of fiber crops.
Tatyana Gorshkova; Tatyana Chernova; Natalia Mokshina; Vladimir Gorshkov; Liudmila Kozlova; Oleg Gorshkov. Transcriptome Analysis of Intrusively Growing Flax Fibers Isolated by Laser Microdissection. Scientific Reports 2018, 8, 14570 .
AMA StyleTatyana Gorshkova, Tatyana Chernova, Natalia Mokshina, Vladimir Gorshkov, Liudmila Kozlova, Oleg Gorshkov. Transcriptome Analysis of Intrusively Growing Flax Fibers Isolated by Laser Microdissection. Scientific Reports. 2018; 8 (1):14570.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatyana Gorshkova; Tatyana Chernova; Natalia Mokshina; Vladimir Gorshkov; Liudmila Kozlova; Oleg Gorshkov. 2018. "Transcriptome Analysis of Intrusively Growing Flax Fibers Isolated by Laser Microdissection." Scientific Reports 8, no. 1: 14570.
Formation of thickened cell wall allows plant fibers to obtain the strength necessary to the realization of their function as mechanical tissue. It is due to such cell wall that fibers of textile crops, like flax, hemp, and ramie, acquire characteristics that make possible to use these fibers in textile and technical applications. In the hemp stem, primary and secondary phloem fibers originating from the different type of meristems are formed. Analysis of ultrastructure coupled with immunolabelling demonstrated distinct layers within thickened cell wall in the fiber of both types: the outer layer is built as typical secondary cell wall of xylan-type, while the major portion was identified as the layers of tertiary (gelatinous or G-layer) cell wall. A newly deposited layer of the tertiary cell wall (Gn) is transformed into mature G-layer by the post-synthetic modification. The general design of cell wall in primary and secondary phloem fibers is similar, but with xylan layer being considerably thicker in secondary fibers than in primary ones. The formation of the tertiary cell wall in primary and secondary hemp fibers was associated with the synthesis of pectin component – rhamnogalacturonan I together with β-(1,4)-d-galactan, which has been detected and characterized both in the buffer-extractable fraction and among the strongly retained within cell wall polysaccharides. Comparison of the obtained results with data on the flax fiber cell wall development permitted to find similarities, as well as some differences of G-fiber cell wall organization in different plant species.
T.E. Chernova; P.V. Mikshina; V.V. Salnikov; N.N. Ibragimova; O.V. Sautkina; T.A. Gorshkova. Development of distinct cell wall layers both in primary and secondary phloem fibers of hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.). Industrial Crops and Products 2018, 117, 97 -109.
AMA StyleT.E. Chernova, P.V. Mikshina, V.V. Salnikov, N.N. Ibragimova, O.V. Sautkina, T.A. Gorshkova. Development of distinct cell wall layers both in primary and secondary phloem fibers of hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.). Industrial Crops and Products. 2018; 117 ():97-109.
Chicago/Turabian StyleT.E. Chernova; P.V. Mikshina; V.V. Salnikov; N.N. Ibragimova; O.V. Sautkina; T.A. Gorshkova. 2018. "Development of distinct cell wall layers both in primary and secondary phloem fibers of hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.)." Industrial Crops and Products 117, no. : 97-109.
Rhamnogalacturonan I (RG-I), a polysaccharide found in different types of plant cell walls, fulfills specific functions, the structural basis of which remains unclear. Generalized 2D correlation FTIR spectroscopy with dehydration was employed to reveal the structure and interactions in flax RG-I solution and microwave treated gel. Varying water content allowed emphasizing a role of solvent in maintaining different structures. In the gel, 2D correlation maps prove the existence of a conformationally uniform highly hydrated structure. Such a structure is supposed to correspond to non-associated galactan helices stabilized by rare junctions. In colloidal solution the side chains of RG-I associate heterogeneously due to constrains imposed by stiff backbone. Galactan-enriched fraction of RG-I with enzymatically cleaved backbone revealed the tendency of galactan chains to strongly associate in solution. The obtained results shed light on the possible role of backbone and side chains in RG-I spatial organization and confirm the sensitivity and potential of 2D correlation FTIR spectroscopy to probe local ordered structures in non-crystalline polysaccharides.
Olga N. Makshakova; Dzhigangir A. Faizullin; Polina V. Mikshina; Tatyana A. Gorshkova; Yuriy F. Zuev. Spatial structures of rhamnogalacturonan I in gel and colloidal solution identified by 1D and 2D-FTIR spectroscopy. Carbohydrate Polymers 2018, 192, 231 -239.
AMA StyleOlga N. Makshakova, Dzhigangir A. Faizullin, Polina V. Mikshina, Tatyana A. Gorshkova, Yuriy F. Zuev. Spatial structures of rhamnogalacturonan I in gel and colloidal solution identified by 1D and 2D-FTIR spectroscopy. Carbohydrate Polymers. 2018; 192 ():231-239.
Chicago/Turabian StyleOlga N. Makshakova; Dzhigangir A. Faizullin; Polina V. Mikshina; Tatyana A. Gorshkova; Yuriy F. Zuev. 2018. "Spatial structures of rhamnogalacturonan I in gel and colloidal solution identified by 1D and 2D-FTIR spectroscopy." Carbohydrate Polymers 192, no. : 231-239.
Plant fibers are the important elements to shape the mechanical properties of plant body, especially in the organs that have already ceased elongation. The major distinguishing parameters of fibers are a highly prosenchimatous cell shape and an increased cell wall thickness as compared to other types of plant cells. The increase of fiber cell length is largely achieved by intrusive growth—elongation with the increased rate as compared to the adjacent cells and squeezing between them along the middle lamellae. The highly pronounced intrusive growth is the cause of fiber bundle formation. Thickening of cell wall in fibers of many plant species is supplied by deposition of the tertiary cell wall (G-layer) of peculiar design and properties. Tension of cellulose microfibrils is developed in this cell wall layer, providing the contractile properties that permit to move plant organs. We summarize the currently available data describing the inherent to fibers mechanisms by which they attain their exclusive length (intrusive growth) and extreme cell wall thickness (tertiary cell wall deposition) and consider the results obtained by finite element modeling to realize the cause of cellulose microfibril tension. The suggested hypothesis is based on the entrapment of tissue- and stage-specific version of rhamnogalacturonan I between laterally interacting cellulose microfibrils.
Tatyana Gorshkova; Polina Mikshina; Anna Petrova; Tatyana Chernova; Natalia Mokshina; Oleg Gorshkov. Plants at Bodybuilding: Development of Plant “Muscles”. Plant Biomechanics 2018, 141 -163.
AMA StyleTatyana Gorshkova, Polina Mikshina, Anna Petrova, Tatyana Chernova, Natalia Mokshina, Oleg Gorshkov. Plants at Bodybuilding: Development of Plant “Muscles”. Plant Biomechanics. 2018; ():141-163.
Chicago/Turabian StyleTatyana Gorshkova; Polina Mikshina; Anna Petrova; Tatyana Chernova; Natalia Mokshina; Oleg Gorshkov. 2018. "Plants at Bodybuilding: Development of Plant “Muscles”." Plant Biomechanics , no. : 141-163.