The baru (Dipteryx alata Vog.), a fruit native to the Cerrado biome, is well-known for its almonds, which are extensively exploited and exported. Unfortunately, the remaining parts of this fruit are often discarded. This study investigates the fixed chemical constituents of the baru, including the bark, pulp, endocarp, and almonds, using the PS–MS technique in positive and negative ionization modes. Notably, this research presents the first chemical profile of baru almonds in both their raw and roasted states. The analysis identified 57 compounds reported for the first time in a baru and 24 common compounds. The majority of these compounds are classified as flavonoids. In both ionization modes, the peel exhibited a higher proportion of phenolic compounds, although the chemical compounds varied among the peel, pulp, almond, and endocarp. These findings highlight the perspective of bioeconomy and biotechnology. By staggering baru fruit production alongside extractivists, we can optimize the utilization of all parts of the fruit. Furthermore, given the knowledge of the biological properties of flavonoids and the baru composition, we recommend additional studies to analyze their potential in preventing chronic non-communicable diseases.

Plants synthesize a wide range of secondary metabolites, including phenolic compounds and terpenoids, which play key ecological roles and have relevant agro-industrial applications. The genus Baccharis, belonging to the family Asteraceae, is highly abundant in South America, particularly in Brazil, and has long been used in traditional medicine, supporting its neotropical origin. Given the growing interest in the species that compose this genus and, in their metabolites, the present study aimed to compile a structured database to support the identification of volatile compounds occurring in Baccharis species. A total of 158 volatile compounds were identified across 15 species, most of which belong to the subgenus Baccharis. Eleven compounds were observed that may serve as chemotaxonomic markers for the genus. The species most extensively studied over the past decade were B. dracunculifolia and B. trimera. Altogether, these findings highlight the metabolic potential of the Baccharis genus and point to new prospects for pharmaceutical and agro-industrial applications .

Modelos de crescimento e produção florestal são essenciais para prever a dinâmica dos povoamentos e auxiliar no planejamento do manejo das plantações. No entanto, os erros dessas estimativas são influenciados por diversos fatores, principalmente pela oscilação climática. Este estudo avaliou a performance de dois modelos de distribuição probabilística com predição de parâmetros, sendo o segundo uma versão aprimorada do primeiro, incorporando uma nova abordagem para a projeção da altura das árvores. Em uma segunda etapa, os erros de prognose foram comparados graficamente com variáveis climáticas. Foram utilizados dados de inventários florestais contínuos do monocultivo seminal de Khaya grandifoliola e de renques de Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis cv. GG100 em dois sistemas de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta (ILPF), localizados em Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais. A validação das projeções foi realizada por meio do teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e do cálculo do erro percentual do volume de madeira projetado. Os resultados indicam que oscilações climáticas interferem nos erros dos modelos. O modelo aprimorado reduziu os erros das estimativas, melhorando a acurácia das projeções.

Alecrim-do-campo (Baccharis dracunculifolia) is a species of agroindustrial and medicinal relevance that has attracted increasing interest in recent years due to its distinctive chemical profile rich in bioactive compounds. In this context, the present study evaluated the efficiency of different extraction conditions for volatile compounds in alecrim-do-campo, aiming to contribute to the traceability of products that use this species as a source of metabolites. A 2³ factorial design was employed to assess the best conditions for extracting volatiles by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS‑SPME), using three different semipolar fibers (PDMS/DVB, DVB/CAR/PDMS and CAR/PDMS). Regarding the effect of the variation factors to which the samples were subjected, only the extraction time (min) had a significant effect on compound extraction using the CAR/PDMS fiber. In total, 79 volatile compounds were detected using the three fibers, with CAR/PDMS (43 compounds) and DVB/CAR/PDMS (44 compounds) showing the highest diversity. The nature of this study is important for the industry because it optimizes the search for quality parameters in plant-derived products.

Aim of study: We assessed root system volumes and their dynamics over intervals of up to 9 years in Cerrado (Brazilian savanna). Area of study: Southeastern Brazil. Material and methods: We used forest inventory data with repeated measurements over time from four Cerrado areas to estimate root volumes. Based on the estimated volumes, we calculated dynamic rates (gain, loss, turnover, and net change). Main results: We found root volumes between 4.792 and 38.491 m3 ha-1. The stocks observed are comparable to the aboveground wood volume reported by previous studies for Cerrado fragments. Our results indicate increasing carbon stocks in all areas, with faster dynamics observed in areas with denser tree cover. Research highlights: Our findings underscore the role of the Cerrado as a carbon sink and reservoir, with significant below-ground biomass stocks. Conservation measures and management techniques should take this into account.

Background: Alecrim-do-campo (Baccharis dracunculifolia) is a species of agroindustrial and medicinal relevance that has attracted increasing interest in recent years due to its distinctive chemical profile rich in bioactive compounds. In this context, the present study evaluated the efficiency of different extraction conditions for volatile compounds in alecrim-do-campo, aiming to contribute to the traceability of products that use this species as a source of metabolites. Methods: A 2³ factorial design was employed to assess the best conditions for extracting volatiles by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME), using three different semipolar fibers (PDMS/DVB, DVB/CAR/PDMS and CAR/PDMS). Regarding the effect of the variation factors to which the samples were subjected, only the extraction time (min) had a significant effect on compound extraction using the CAR/PDMS fiber. Results: In total, 79 volatile compounds were detected using the three fibers, with CAR/PDMS (43 compounds) and DVB/CAR/PDMS (44 compounds) showing the highest diversity. The nature of this study is important for the industry because it optimizes the search for quality parameters in plant-derived products.