The historical and cultural significance of artistic works and archaeological artifacts underscores the imperative use of non-destructive testing methods in cultural heritage objects. Analyzing pigments in artwork poses a specific analytical challenge that demands a combination of various techniques to accurately determine chemical compositions. In this context, our work focused on the multi-analytical characterization of samples derived from fragments of a Roman-era Egyptian mummy named Kherima, dating back to around 200 AD. To identify the layers and elemental composition of the pigments used in the decoration, various techniques were employed: X-ray microfluorescence (µXRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), high-resolution optical microscopy (OM), and X-ray computed microtomography (microCT). This multi-analytical approach facilitated the identification of the original pigments in the analyzed mummy fragments, along with insights into the materials used in the ground layer and the techniques applied in artifact manufacturing, indicating their accordance with the historical period and region to which they originally belonged.

This study investigates the conservation assessment of a polychrome sculpture from the 17th century depicting San Diego de Alcalá, whose origin and workshop remain unknown. Traditionally characterized by specific iconographic elements such as bread and keys, the examined statue deviates from these norms. Initiated by the Diocesan Mitre in Duque de Caxias, the assessment focused on the structural integrity and pigment composition of the sculpture. Using techniques of Computed Tomography (CT), Digital Radiography (DR), and X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), the sculpture underwent a comprehensive analysis. Portable equipment, such as the ICM CP120B X-ray tube and DXR 250U-W flat panel detector, facilitated both CT and DR scans. The CT scan was segmented due to detector size limitations, using an 80 kV, 1 mA X-ray tube to capture 360 images per segment. XRF analysis focused on 12 specific points, employing the Bruker Tracer III-SD with a rhodium X-ray tube and silicon detector, operating at 40 kV and 35 µA for 60 seconds per point. Imaging techniques revealed imperfections, restorations, and structural details, including high-density fillings and embedded nails in the sculpture. XRF analysis identified characteristic elements of historical pigments, along with indications of more recent restorations, possibly involving 20th-century pigments. These findings significantly enrich the understanding and conservation strategies of this religious artwork, providing valuable insights into its construction history and restoration.