There is growing interest in using augmented reality (AR)-based training for rehabilitation programs, while it remains unclear whether physical exercises using AR can be more effective than conventional therapy for patients with total knee replacement (TKR). This study, therefore, aimed to compare the effects of AR-based training to conventional therapist-based training on the physical performance of early-stage rehabilitation in patients after a TKR. It was a double-blind randomized controlled trial with repeated measures (pre-surgery, post-surgery, and post-intervention). Twenty-four participants with TKR were allocated to either AR-based training or therapist-based training. Both groups received a training program for 30 min per session, three sessions per week, for four weeks. The outcome measures included the range of motion (ROM), muscle strength, balance, and perceived pain. The results showed significant improvements in all measured outcomes in both groups (p < 0.05). However, despite our hypothesis that ART would be more effective than the TKR, no significant differences in all the outcomes were found between the two groups. While there was some evidence showing that performing physical exercises using AR could improve physical performance in patients with TKR after surgery, a comparison with conventional therapy did not show superior effectiveness. However, AR could be used to provide real-time feedback and motivation appropriate for home-training programs.

Background/Objectives: This trial compared acute physiological, biomechanical, and affective responses to three auditory environments—classical music with binaural beats (CB), standardized negative verbal statements (NVS; registered as negative augmented feedback), and white noise (WN)—during perceptually regulated treadmill running. Methods: Sixty-six recreational runners completed an auditory-stimulus-free baseline session and, 14 days later, a 20 min treadmill run at a self-regulated speed (RPE 10–11) under one randomly allocated condition (n = 22 each; open-label). Primary outcomes were oxygen cost during perceptually regulated running and PANAS positive and negative affect; secondary outcomes were spatiotemporal gait variables, flow, and perceived controlling behavior (CCBS; manipulation check). Inference was based on a post hoc participant-level joint multilevel model of all eight outcomes with Holm correction. Results: After Holm adjustment across the eight outcomes, no joint omnibus test other than the manipulation check was statistically detectable (adjusted omnibus p = 0.37–1.00). The smallest within-outcome pairwise result was for negative affect (CB − NVS −1.69 points, unadjusted 95% CI −3.25 to −0.13; Holm-adjusted pairwise p = 0.096). Perceived controlling behavior increased in NVS only (CB − NVS −33.6 points, 95% CI −39.4 to −27.9). Randomization supports comparison of the three complete auditory conditions as delivered; because no silent control arm was included and the baseline session always preceded the intervention session, neither absolute benefits over silence nor the effects of individual stimulus components can be isolated. The PANAS and SFSS were administered as unvalidated research-team translations, and the interval from exercise cessation to questionnaire completion was not recorded. No adverse events were observed or spontaneously reported; harms were not systematically elicited. Conclusions: No primary outcome showed a statistically detectable differential change between conditions; NVS was perceived as markedly more controlling, supporting the intended manipulation check. Trial registration: CRIS KCT0012376 (retrospectively registered).

This study investigated whether positive self-talk (ST) over 4 weeks would improve standing long jump (SLJ) performance in men and women in their 20s. The participants of this study were 36 men and 28 women, selected through interviews with male and female students. The test subjects’ performance was measured 10 times over a 4-week period, 2-3 sessions per week. In the experimental group, participants performed SLJ while reciting positive ST; the control group performed SLJ without any specific conditions. A pre-and post-intervention survey was conducted using the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE). The results revealed a significant difference in the performance of experimental group (p < 0.05), while no significant difference was observed in the control group. RSE survey results also showed a significant difference only in the experimental group (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that self-affirmation yields positive effects on SLJ performance.

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to examine the acute effects of a dual-task intervention combining moderate-intensity cycling with a food-related Go/No-Go task on inhibitory control, subjective appetite, and frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) activity in healthy adults. Methods: Forty healthy adults were randomly assigned to an experimental group or a control group in a single-blind design. The experimental group performed cycling combined with a food-related Go/No-Go task, whereas the control group performed only the cognitive task. Outcomes were assessed before and after the intervention, and Group × Time effects were analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA with correction for multiple comparisons. Results: No significant Group × Time interactions were observed for the primary outcomes, including EEG alpha and theta power (ηp² = 0.004 and 0.040, respectively) and Stroop reaction time and accuracy (ηp² = 0.076 and 0.062, respectively). Subjective appetite decreased in the experimental group and increased in the control group, showing a significant interaction at the uncorrected level (p = 0.017, ηp² = 0.142); however, this interaction did not remain significant after correction for multiple comparisons. The exploratory DEBQ outcomes showed no significant Group × Time interactions. Conclusions: In this single-session study, the intervention did not demonstrate clear intervention-specific benefits across the cognitive, EEG, or eating-related outcomes. Nevertheless, the contrasting descriptive pattern in subjective appetite warrants further investigation in larger studies involving repeated interventions and clinical populations.

With an aging population, the prevalence of geriatric diseases is increasing, especially among older individuals who live alone. This study investigates the potential of using TV viewing patterns to detect these diseases by analyzing variables such as daily average viewing time, peak viewing hours, and channel-switching behaviors. Significant correlations between TV viewing patterns and early indicators of geriatric diseases (depression, activities of daily living (ADL) performance, and cognitive function) were found. The correlations between the Korean form of the Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS) and daily average viewing time and excessive channel switching were 0.320 and 0.308, respectively. The Korean version of the Modified Barthel Index (KMBI) showed correlations of -0.313 with daily average viewing time and -0.352 with excessive channel switching. Participants were divided into groups based on scores, and significant differences in peak viewing hours were observed among the different groups. The Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K) groups showed significant differences at 3, 4, and 5 PM. The KGDS and KMBI groups showed significant differences at 8 PM and midnight and 1 AM and 2 AM, respectively. These findings suggest that TV viewing patterns can serve as effective early diagnostic indicators for geriatric diseases.

Background/objectives: Although there are studies on TV viewing and the health status of elderly, they do not present direct associations with specific variables. The aim of this study was to determine correlations between TV viewing variables and elderly health variables in older adults living alone. Methods: Data were collected from 50 elderly individuals with an average age of 82.12 ± 4.32 (Male 20%, Female 80%). Television viewing variables were collected via a TV set-top box, including the daily average viewing time, upper zapping threshold, lower zapping threshold, and average zapping per hour. The cognitive level was assessed using the Mini-Mental-State Examination, the depression level was assessed with the Geriatric Depression Scale, and activities of daily living were assessed using the Modified Barthel Index. Spearman correlation analysis was applied to the collected variables. Results: The results showed significant correlations between the depression level and both the daily average viewing time (r = 0.320) and upper zapping threshold (r = 0.308). The activities of daily living demonstrated significant correlations with the daily average viewing time (r = −0.313) and upper zapping threshold (r = −0.352). Conclusions: The TV viewing time and zapping are associated with depression and daily living activities, suggesting their potential as early diagnostic indicators for geriatric diseases in older adults living alone.